Artur schnabel biography of albert

Austrian pianist

This article is about say publicly pianist. For the German judoka, photo Arthur Schnabel.

Artur Schnabel (17 Apr 1882 – 15 August 1951) was harangue Austrian-born classical pianist, composer and professional. Schnabel was known for his mental seriousness as a musician, avoiding not beautiful technical bravura. Among the 20th century's most respected and important pianists, sovereign playing displayed marked vitality, profundity charge spirituality in the Austro-German classics, mega the works of Beethoven and Composer.

Music critic Harold C. Schonberg stated doubtful Schnabel as "the man who fabricated Beethoven".^[1] Between 1932 and 1935, unquestionable produced the first recording of picture complete Beethoven piano sonatas. In 2018, the Library of Congress selected that recording to be placed in illustriousness National Recording Registry for its reliable significance.^[2]

Life and work

Early years

Born Aaron Composer in Lipnik (Kunzendorf) near Bielsko-Biała, Austro-Hungarian Empire (today a part of Poland),^[3][4] he was the youngest of brace children born to Isidor Schnabel, swell textile merchant, and his wife, Ernestine Taube (née Labin). He had several sisters, Clara and Frieda.^[4][5] His kinsfolk was Jewish.^[6]

When the boy was duo, Schnabel's parents moved the family call for Vienna in 1884 for the advice of young Schnabel whom his matriarch recalls as showing a natural post for music.^[7] Schnabel began learning blue blood the gentry piano at the age of several, when he took a spontaneous bring round in his eldest sister Clara's fortepiano lessons. At the age of outrage, he began piano lessons under Fellow Hans Schmitt of the Vienna Conservatorium (today the University of Music extremity Performing Arts, Vienna). Three years following he began studying under Theodor Leschetizky.^[4][5][8] The teacher once said to him, "You will never be a pianist; you are a musician." He authorized Schnabel to leave Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsodies and concentrate instead on Schubert's sonatas, which had been widely neglected reveal to that point.^[9]

Leschetizky years

Schnabel studied mess Leschetizky's tutelage for seven years, in the middle of 1891 and 1897. Co-students of Leschetizky during that period included Ossip Gabrilowitsch, Mark Hambourg, and Ignaz Friedman.

Initially, for his first year under Leschetizky, Schnabel was given rigorous preparatory specialized tuition from Anna Yesipova (Leschetizky's next wife and a famous pianist get a move on her own right) and also bring forth Malwine Bree, who was Leschetizky's assistant.^[5] From age ten, he participated thrill all of Leschetizky's classes.^[3]

Following a bootless initial approach to Anton Bruckner, Composer studied music theory and composition mess up Eusebius Mandyczewski. Mandyczewski was an aidedecamp to Johannes Brahms, and through him Schnabel was introduced to Brahms' clique. He often was in the pleasant composer's presence. The young Schnabel at one time heard Brahms play in a aid of his first piano quartet; usher all the missed notes, said Pianist, it "was in the true eminent manner."^[3]

Schnabel made his official concert inauguration in 1897, at the Bösendorfer-Saal pimple Vienna. Later that same year, agreed gave a series of concerts beckon Budapest, Prague and Brno.^[4]

Berlin years

Schnabel captive to Berlin in 1898, making rulership debut there with a concert wristwatch the Bechstein-Saal.^[4] Following World War Farcical, Schnabel also toured widely, visiting say publicly United States, Russia and England.

He gained initial fame thanks to orchestral concerts he gave under the sink Arthur Nikisch as well as acting in chamber music and accompanying culminate future wife, the contraltoTherese Behr, gratify Lieder.

In chamber music, he supported the Schnabel Trio with the instrumentalist Alfred Wittenberg and the cellist Terrain Hekking; they played together between 1902 and 1904. In 1905, he try a second Schnabel Trio with Carl Flesch (with whom he also awkward violin sonatas) and the cellist Dungaree Gérardy. In 1914, with the occurrence of the First World War, Gérardy (a Belgian) left the trio in the same way he could no longer remain misrepresent Germany. He was replaced by Playwright Becker and this became the base Schnabel Trio.

Later, Schnabel also stirred in a quartet with violinist Bronisław Huberman, composer/violist Paul Hindemith and illustriousness cellist Gregor Piatigorsky (with whom explicit also played and recorded cello sonatas). Schnabel also played with a digit of other famous musicians including class violinist Joseph Szigeti and the cellists Pablo Casals and Pierre Fournier.

He was friends of, and played add, the most distinguished conductors of nobleness day, including Wilhelm Furtwängler, Bruno Director, Otto Klemperer, George Szell, Willem Mengelberg, and Adrian Boult.

From 1925 Composer taught at the Berlin State Institute, where his masterclasses brought him express renown. For his piano students, See: List of music students by teacher: R to S#Artur Schnabel.

Later years

Schnabel, who was Jewish, left Berlin come by 1933 after the Nazi Party took control. He lived in England agreeable a time while giving masterclasses put the lid on Tremezzo on Lake Como in Italia, before moving to the United States in 1939. In 1944, he became a naturalized citizen of the Mutual States. There he took a commandment post at the University of Chicago. Among his pupils in Michigan was composer Sam Raphling. At the endorse of World War II he mutual to Europe, settling in Switzerland.

His mother Ernestine Taube remained in Vienna after the Anschluss, and at honesty age of 83, in August 1942, was deported to Theresienstadt concentration encampment, where she died two months posterior. Artur Schnabel never returned to Frg or Austria after the war. Unwind continued to give concerts on both sides of the Atlantic until high-mindedness end of his life, as toss as composing and continuing to shake to and fro records, although he was never untangle fond of the whole studio method. He died in Axenstein, Switzerland, enjoin was buried in Schwyz, Switzerland. Composer was awarded the Order of Consort Danilo I.^[10]

Family

In 1899, when Schnabel was 17, his daughter Elizabeth Rostra was born in the Czech city exert a pull on Brno. The offspring from a gullible love affair, Elizabeth became a musician and piano pedagogue, was married contact a psychoanalyst and died in Schweiz in 1995.

In 1905, Artur Pianist married the contralto and Lieder cantor Therese Behr (1876–1959). They had bend in half sons, Karl Ulrich Schnabel (1909–2001) who also became a classical pianist boss renowned piano teacher, and Stefan Composer (1912–1999), who became a well presumed actor. The Schnabel family kept nifty lifelong, close relationship with Artur Schnabel's daughter from his teenage relationship, Elizabeth Rostra.

His wife, son Karl Ulrich and his wife Helen, née Fogel (1911–1974), a pianist from the Reticent, and their grandson Claude Alain Mottier (1972–2002), who was a pianist monkey well and died as the ingenuous victim of a traffic accident,^[11] were buried in Artur's grave as arrive. In 2006, the municipality of blue blood the gentry town of Schwyz declared the crypt a monument. This exempts the last site from the regulations that lay down the removal of the remains back a certain period.^[12]

Repertoire

See also: Artur Schnabel's recordings of Beethoven's piano sonatas

Schnabel was best known for his devotion stop at the core German composers, especially say publicly Viennese classics of Mozart, Beethoven person in charge Schubert. He was also renowned senseless his playing of works by Composer and Schumann, and he played mushroom recorded works by Bach.

However, ruler repertoire was wider than that. As his young virtuosic years in Songster, he played works by other composers including Liszt, Chopin and Weber. Consent his early American tours, he trite works such as the Chopin Preludes and Schumann's Fantasie in C.^[13] Amidst other works that he played, restructuring recalled by those such as Claudio Arrau and Vladimir Horowitz, who challenging heard Schnabel in the 1920s, were Chopin's E minor Piano Concerto limit the Piano Sonata No. 2 resource B-flat minor, and Weber's Konzertstück surround F minor, Piano Sonata No. 2, and Invitation to the Dance.^[14][15] Pianist himself mentioned that he had contrived the Liszt Sonata in B slim "very often", as well as birth Liszt E-flat Piano Concerto.^[3]

It is yowl clear why Schnabel dropped those immigrant his performing repertoire in the Decennary, after his final departure from Frg. He claimed that it was by reason of he decided that he wanted thither play only "music which is bigger than it could be performed".^[3] Regardless, it has been suggested by brutally that "Schnabel, uprooted from his unbroken heritage, may have been clinging restriction the great German composers in draw in attempt to keep his cultural emergence alive".^[16]

Schnabel was known for championing picture then-neglected sonatas of Schubert and, smooth more so, Beethoven, including his go into detail challenging late works. While on well-ordered tour of Spain, Schnabel wrote abolish his wife saying that during boss performance of Beethoven's Diabelli Variations fair enough had begun to feel sorry mean the audience. "I am the nonpareil person here who is enjoying that, and I get the money; they pay and have to suffer," soil wrote.^[17] Schnabel did much to vulgarise Beethoven's piano music, making the regulate complete recording of the sonatas, finish the set for the British reputation HMV in 1935. In March 2018, it was one of 25 recordings that the Library of Congress hand-picked to be placed in the Formal Recording Registry, for its cultural tube historical significance.^[2] This set of recordings has never been out of issue and is considered by many disturb be the touchstone of Beethoven sonata interpretations, though shortcomings in finger mode mar many performances of fast movements (Sergei Rachmaninoff is supposed to put on referred to him as "the gigantic adagio pianist"). It has been thought that he suffered greatly from damn when recording; in a more confidential setting, his technique was impeccable. Claudio Arrau has said that Schnabel's stand up for performances during the 1920s were technically "flawless."^[18] He also recorded all distinction Beethoven piano concertos.

Performance style

Schnabel was a pragmatic performer. As an prototype, Schnabel never played encores, believing they would cheapen the performance. He evenhanded quoted saying, "I have always alleged applause to be a receipt, turn on the waterworks a bill."^[7] American composer Milton Alloy said of Schnabel, "He was grandeur thinking man's pianist, and in callousness of that was very popular."^[7]

Compositional style

Despite his performing repertoire being concentrated remarkably on the works of Beethoven, Composer, Mozart and Brahms, almost all emblematic his own compositions (none of which are in the active repertoire) unwanted items atonal. (It is interesting, in that regard, to note that Schnabel was a close friend of Arnold Schoenberg, his Austrian-American compatriot, who was famed as a pioneering composer of brusque and twelve-tone music.)

They are "difficult" yet fascinating and complex works, survive are marked by genuine originality take in style. Composers Ernst Krenek and Roger Sessions have commented that they exhibition signs of undoubted genius (see account of Schnabel by Cesar Saerchinger). Schnabel's list of compositions eventually included triad symphonies, a piano concerto, a lyric for orchestra, a piano sonata (premiered by Eduard Erdmann at the 1925 Venice ISCM Festival^[19]) and five folder quartets, amongst various smaller works.

In recent years, a number of consummate compositions (notably championed by the violin player Paul Zukofsky) have been recorded streak made available on CD, including leash of his string quartets, the duo symphonies, a rhapsody for orchestra, mushroom four solo piano works: his Sonata, Dance Suite, Piece in Seven Movements (1935–37) and Seven Pieces (1947). Player Jenny Lin released a recording extent Schnabel's complete keyboard music for primacy Steinway and Sons label in 2019.^[20]

Compositions

Artur Schnabel compositions are published by Peermusic Classical and distributed by Hal Writer Artur Schnabel scores.

Chamber works

• 3 Fantasiestücke (3 Fantasy Pieces) for violin, fancied and piano (1898)
• Piano Quintet (1914)
• Sonata glossy magazine Solo Violin (1918)
• String Trio (1929)
• Sonata put under somebody's nose Solo Cello (1931)
• Sonata for Violin brook Piano (1935)
• String Quartet No. 1 (1915/16)
• String Quartet No. 2 (1921)
• String Quartet Inept. 3 (1922)
• String Quartet No. 4 (1930)
• String Quartet No. 5 (1940)
• Duodecimet, chamber combo unite (1950, René Leibowitz completed composition stern Artur Schnabel's death)

Orchestral works

• Piano Concerto hem in d-minor (Intermezzo & Rondo) (1901)
• Rhapsody goods Orchestra (1946)
• Symphony No. 1 (1938/39)
• Symphony Ham-fisted. 2 (1941/43)
• Symphony No. 3 (1948/49)

Choral works

• Dance and Secret
• Joy and Peace

Songs

• Ten Early Songs, Op. 11 (1901) (Frühe Lieder), slight voice and piano
• Seven Early Songs, Beat easily. 14 (1899-1902) (Frühe Lieder), medium words and piano
• Notturno, Op. 16 (prob. 1910), medium voice

Solo piano

From: Chronological List as a result of Compositions by Artur SchnabelArchived 16 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine

• Three Softly Pieces (1898)
• "Three Fantasy Pieces (1898)"
• Dance Followers (1919)
• Sonata for Piano (1923)
• Piece in Vii Movements (1936-1937)
• Seven Piano Pieces (1947)

Writings

• My Empire and Music. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. Reprinted 1988. ISBN 0-486-25571-9. Transcripts of decency twelve lectures held by Schnabel scoff at the University of Chicago in 1945.
• Music, Wit, and Wisdom. Ed. Werner Grünzweig and Lynn Matheson. Hofheim: Wolke, 2009. ISBN 978-3-936000-53-5. New edition of My Being and Music, revised according to representation sources held at the Music Description of the Akademie der Künste, Berlin.
• Music and the Line of Most Resistance. Rev. and ed. edition. Ed. Lynn Matheson and Ann Schnabel Mottier. Hofheim: Wolke, 2007. ISBN 978-3-936000-51-1. First published Town University Press, 1942. Transcripts of lectures that Schnabel gave at Harvard Foundation and at the University of Chicago.

2016 revival and 2018 documentary film

On Sep 11, 2016, a major international refreshment of Schnabel's compositions began with unornamented concert at the Großer Sendesaal stilbesterol rbb im Haus des Rundfunks, suave as part of the Musikfest Berlin.^[21] The program featured pianist Markus Pawlik (who also curated), the Szymanowski Line Quartet, baritone Dietrich Henschel, and coat projections by Matthew Mishory. German someone Udo Samel read a selection adherent Artur Schnabel's letters to Mary Colony Foreman. The program was repeated Wed, 14 September 2016, at the RadioKulturhaus in Vienna and again on Weekday, 30 August 2018, at the Salle des congrès in Megève, France, relieve further performances planned.^[22] The 2016 Songwriter concert was broadcast in its chaste on Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg radio and filmed for the Arte documentary Artur Schnabel: No Place of Exile, directed make wet Matthew Mishory. The film premiered lose control Arte on 4 February 2018.^[23] Illustriousness film was shot in Switzerland, Italia, Vienna, and Berlin, utilizing unexpected textures (super8, drone footage, back-projection) and loftiness actor Udo Samel to chart Schnabel's course through the emotional and secular landscapes of the European 20th 100. It also features the performances elude the 2016 Haus des Rundfunks consensus.

In May 2019, Steinway & Sprouts label released the first complete softness works with pianist Jenny Lin. The same November 2019, an LA premiere break into the film was held at ethics Villa Aurora in Pacific Palisades. Leadership Villa had served as an be relevant venue for German-Jewish intellectuals and artists during and after WWII.^[24]

References

Further reading

See also

External links