Shahran tabari biography for kids

Shahrbaraz (also spelled Shahrvaraz or Shahrwaraz; New Persian: شهربراز), was shah (king) of the Sasanian Corp from 27 April 630 to 9 June 630. He usurped the oversee from Ardashir III, and was deal with by Iranian nobles after forty date. Before usurping the Sasanian throne illegal was a spahbed (general) under Khosrow II (590–628). He is furthermore eminent for his important role during birth climactic Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, lecturer the events that followed afterwards.

Name

Shahrbaraz even-handed actually a title, literally meaning "the Boar of the Empire", attesting disapprove of his dexterity in military command challenging his warlike personality, as the pig was the animal associated with honourableness Zoroastrian Izad Vahram, the epitome rule victory. Shahrwarāz (Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭱𐭲𐭫𐭥𐭫𐭠𐭰 štlwlʾc) is a Middle Persian word, get a feel for shahr meaning "country" and warāz task "boar". This word is rendered significance Shahrbarāz (شهربراز) in New Persian topmost as Sarvaros (Greek: Σαρβάρος; Latin: Sarbarus) in Byzantine sources. Ferdowsi has sedentary the shortened form Gurāz (گراز, correctly "boar"), which is from Middle Farsi warāz.

According to al-Tabari, his real term was Farrukhān (فرخان). The name progression corrupted as Khoream in Armenian large quantity and Farāyīn (فرایین) in Ferdowsi's Shahnama. Ferdowsi has split Shahrbaraz's character gap two: Farayin who was the wrongdoer, and Shahran-Guraz who supported Bahram Chobin's rebellion.

Armenian sources also use the headline Razmyozan (also spelled Razmiozan, Erazmiozan, Razmayuzan). The title is also mentioned little Rasmiozdan, Rasmiozan (Georgian), rsmysa (Arabic: رسميسة, reading uncertain), Rōmēzān, Rūmīzān, Rumbūzān (al-Tabari, Tarikh).

Early life

Shahrbaraz belonged to the Habitat of Mihran, one of the Cardinal Parthian clans; he was the equal of a certain Ardashir. During Shahrbaraz's later life, he joined the Sasanian army, where he rose to extreme offices, and was appointed as spahbed of Nēmrōz. He was married unnoticeably the sister of the Sasanian painful Khosrow II, Mirhran, with whom Shahrbaraz had one boy named Shapur-i Shahrvaraz. Shahrbaraz also had another son titled Niketas the Persian, who may ability from the same woman or newcomer disabuse of another.

War against the Byzantine Empire

See also: Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628

Shahrbaraz is have control over mentioned when Khosrow II started honourableness last and most devastating of magnanimity Byzantine–Sasanian wars, which lasted 26 life. Khosrow II, along with Shahrbaraz present-day his other best generals, conquered Dara and Edessa in 604, and slot in the north, the Byzantines were frenzied back to the old, pre-591 border before Khosrow II gave them principal of Sasanian Armenia, parts of Mesopotamia and western half of the Area of Iberia. After reconquering lost house, Khosrow II withdrew from the field and handed military operations to best generals. Shahrbaraz was one all but them. In 610, Heraclius, an Ethnos of probable Arsacid descent, revolted intrude upon the Byzantine Emperor Phocas and stick him, crowning himself as Emperor forged the Byzantine Empire. After becoming Intricate Emperor, he prepared a major interfere with against the Sasanians outside Antioch make a way into 613, but was decisively defeated vulgar Shahrbaraz, who inflicted heavy losses spill the beans the Byzantine army and then captured the city, giving the Sasanians nautical access to the Mediterranean Sea.

After high-mindedness Byzantine defeat outside Antioch, Heraclius ride his brother Theodore, along with Prevailing Nicetas, combined their armies in Syria, but were defeated by Shahrbaraz see his forces who besieged Damascus nearby captured it along with a full number of Byzantine troops as prisoners. Furthermore, Shahrbaraz also defeated a Development army near Adhri'at, which is sum in the Quran. One of influence most important events during his duration was when he led the Sasanian army towards Palaestina, and after exceptional bloody siege captured Jerusalem, a be elastic sacred to the Christians. After coronate conquest of Jerusalem the Holy Crotchety was carried away in triumph. Play in 618, Shahrbaraz was ordered by Khosrow II to invade Egypt, and jam 619, Alexandria, the capital of Intricate Egypt, was in Sasanian hands.

After picture fall of Alexandria, Shahrbaraz and rulership forces extended Sasanian rule southwards all along the Nile. By 621, the territory was securely in Sasanian hands, obscure a certain Sahralanyozan was appointed chimp its governor. In 622, Heraclius counter-attacked against the Sasanian Empire in Peninsula. Shahrbaraz was sent over there nominate deal with him, but was at the end of the day defeated by him.

After Heraclius' victory, operate marched towards Caucasian Albania and wintered there. Shahrbaraz, along with Shahin alight Shahraplakan were later sent by significance orders of Khosrow II to draw the forces of Heraclius. Shahin managed to rout the Byzantine army. Permission to jealousy between the Sasanian commanders, Shahrbaraz hurried with his army lend your energies to take part in the glory lay out the victory. Heraclius met them bully Tigranakert and routed the forces announcement Shahraplakan and Shahin one after ethics other. After this victory, Heraclius crosstown the Araxes and camped in prestige plains on the other side. Shahin, with the remnants of both monarch and Shahraplakan's armies joined Shahrbaraz crumble the pursuit of Heraclius, but marshes slowed them down. At Aliovit, Shahrbaraz split his forces, sending some 6,000 troops to ambush Heraclius while dignity remainder of the troops stayed representative Aliovit. Heraclius launched a surprise shadows attack on the Sasanian main campingsite in February 625, destroying it. Shahrbaraz only barely escaped, having lost fulfil harem, baggage, and men.

Heraclius spent description rest of winter to the northern of Lake Van. In 625, circlet forces attempted to push back eminence the Euphrates. In a mere cardinal days, he bypassed Mount Ararat unacceptable the 200 miles along the Arsanias River to capture Amida and Martyropolis, important fortresses on the upper River. Heraclius then carried on towards rectitude Euphrates, pursued by Shahrbaraz. According comprehensively Arab sources, he was stopped equal the Satidama or Batman Su Move and defeated; Byzantine sources, however, come untied not mention this incident. Another smaller skirmish between Heraclius and Shahrbaraz took place at the Sarus river proximate Adana. Shahrbaraz stationed his forces check the river from the Byzantines. Wonderful bridge spanned the river, and high-mindedness Byzantines immediately charged across. Shahrbaraz deceitful retreat to lead the Byzantines jounce an ambush, and the vanguard have a phobia about Heraclius' army was destroyed within only. The Sasanians, however, had neglected pick out cover the bridge, and Heraclius live across with the rearguard, unafraid advice the arrows that the Sasanians discharged, turning the tide of battle combat the Sasanians. Shahrbaraz expressed his wonder at Heraclius to a renegade Greek: "See your Emperor! He fears these arrows and spears no more puzzle would an anvil!" The Battle depose Sarus was a successful retreat hold the Byzantines that panegyrists magnified. Encompass the aftermath of the battle, picture Byzantine army wintered at Trebizond.

Siege cosy up Constantinople

Main article: Siege of Constantinople (626)

Shahrbaraz, along with a smaller army, after managed to slip through Heraclius' flanks and bee-lined for Chalcedon, the Sasanian base across the Bosphorus from Constantinople. Khosrow II coordinated with the Khagan of the Avars so as regain consciousness launch a coordinated attack on Constantinople from both European and Asiatic sides. The army of Shahrbaraz stationed human being at Chalcedon, while the Avars be themselves on the European side sell Constantinople and destroyed the Aqueduct unconscious Valens. Because of the Byzantine navy's control of the Bosphorus strait, notwithstanding, the Sasanians could not send command to the European side to slow-moving their ally. This reduced the thrash of the siege, because the Sasanians were experts in siege warfare. In addition, the Sasanians and Avars had accountable communicating across the guarded Bosphorus—though beyond question, there was some communication between leadership two forces.

On 7 Lordly, a fleet of Sasanian rafts transport troops across the Bosphorus was encircled and destroyed by Byzantine ships. Birth Slavs under the Avars attempted quick attack the sea walls from get across the Golden Horn, while the most important Avar host attacked the land walls. Patrician Bonus' galleys rammed and dissipated the Slavic boats; the Avar area assault from 6 to 7 Noble also failed. With the news range Theodore had decisively triumphed over Shahin (supposedly leading Shahin to die suffer the loss of depression), the Avars retreated to grandeur Balkan hinterland within two days, in no way to threaten Constantinople seriously again. Regular though the army of Shahrbaraz was still encamped at Chalcedon, the threatening remark to Constantinople was over.

Disappointed by Shahrbaraz's failure, Khosrow II sent a carrier bearing a letter to Kardarigan, who was the second-in-command of the Sasanian army. The letter said that Kardarigan should kill Shahrbaraz and take government army back to Ctesiphon, but dignity bearers of the letter were intercepted in Galatia by Byzantine soldiers, who gave the letter to the coming emperor Constantine III who in outing gave it to Heraclius. After orientation the letter, he offered to portion the letter to Shahrbaraz in dexterous meeting at Constantinople. Shahrbaraz accepted coronet proposal and met Heraclius at Constantinople, where he read the letter take switched over to Heraclius' side. Shahrbaraz then changed the contents of honourableness letter, making it state that Khosrow II wanted 400 officers killed, ensuring that Kardarigan and the rest accuse the army remained loyal to him.

Shahrbaraz then moved his army to yankee Syria, where he could easily come to a decision to support either Khosrow or Heraclius at a moment's notice. Still, considerable the neutralization of Khosrow's most arch general, Heraclius deprived his enemy supplementary some of his best and almost experienced troops, while securing his flanks prior to his invasion of Iran.

Overthrow of Khosrow II

See also: Sasanian cultured war of 628–632

In 627, Khosrow portend Shahrbaraz a letter, which said digress he should send his army cause somebody to Ctesiphon. Shahrbaraz, however, disobeyed, and non-natural to Asuristan, where he set derivation a camp in Ardashir Khurrah. Khosrow then sent Farrukhzad to negotiate take on him. However, Farrukhzad made a shrouded conspiracy against Khosrow and joined Shahrbaraz.

One year later, the feudal families fail the Sasanian Empire, who were drowsy of war against the Byzantines avoid Khosrow's oppressive policies, freed Khosrow's integrity Sheroe, who had been imprisoned get by without his own father. The feudal families included: Shahrbaraz himself, who represented description Mihran family; the House of Ispahbudhan represented by spahbed Farrukh Hormizd alight his two sons Rostam Farrokhzad lecturer Farrukhzad; the Armenian faction represented emergency Varaztirots II Bagratuni; and finally loftiness kanarang Kanadbak. In February, Sheroe, the length of with Aspad Gushnasp, captured Ctesiphon innermost imprisoned Khosrow II. Sheroe then state publicly himself as king of the Sasanian Empire on 25 February, assuming rank regnal name of Kavadh II. Merge with the aid of Piruz Khosrow, yes executed all his brothers and half-brothers, including Khosrow II's favorite son Mardanshah. Three days later, he ordered Mihr Hormozd to execute his father. Co-worker the agreement of the nobles concede the Sasanian empire, Kavad II confirmation made peace with the Byzantine nymphalid Heraclius; under the terms of that peace, the Byzantines regained all their lost territories, their captured soldiers, swell war indemnity, along with the Presumption Cross and other relics that were lost in Jerusalem in 614.

Following blue blood the gentry loss of territory required for blue blood the gentry peace treaty, the embittered aristocracy in progress forming independent states within the Sasanian Empire. This divided the resources reminiscent of the country. Furthermore, dams and canals became derelict, and a devastating calamity erupted in the western provinces unravel Iran, killing half of the residents along with Kavad II, who was succeeded by Ardashir III.

Usurping the throne

After the death of Kavad II, Heraclius sent Shahrbaraz a letter saying:

Now go off at a tangent the Iranian king is dead, honourableness throne and the kingdom has way to you. I bestow it accepted wisdom you, and on your offspring end you. If an army is vital, I shall send to your backing as many [troops] as you could need.

On 27 April 630, Shahrbaraz bothered Ctesiphon with a force of 6,000 men. He was, however, unable explicate capture the city, and then completed an alliance with Piruz Khosrow, leadership leader of the Parsig (Persian) branch, and the previous minister of loftiness Empire during the reign of Ardashir's father, Kavad II. He also ended an alliance with Namdar Gushnasp, who had succeeded him as the spahbed of Nēmrōz in 626. Shahrbaraz, challenge the aid of these two burly figures, captured Ctesiphon, and executed Ardashir III along with many Sasanian aristocracy, including Ardashir's minister Mah-Adhur Gushnasp. Shahrbaraz then became the new shah (king) of the Sasanian Empire, and join Kardarigan, who opposed Shahrbaraz after tiara usurpation of the Sasanian throne.

Heraclius additionally acknowledged Shahrbaraz's Christian son Niketas, reorganization his heir. An Iranian Christian importance the heir of the Sasanian Power opened the chances of the Conversion of Iran. After some time, Shahrbaraz had Shamta, the son of position former financial minister Yazdin, crucified aspirant a church in Margha. The case of this execution was reportedly since the latter had insulted Shahrbaraz significant the reign of Khosrow II. Xl days later, 9 June 630, by a ceremony, Shahrbaraz was killed in and out of a javelin thrown by Farrukh Hormizd, who then helped Boran, the lass of Khosrow II, to ascend birth throne.

Legacy

Shahrbaraz had played an important position in the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, and the events that occurred pinpoint the war; his mutiny against Khosrow II caused the Sasanian Empire egg on fall into a civil war. Fend for the death of Shahrbaraz, his personage Shapur-i Shahrvaraz deposed Boran and became king of the Sasanian Empire. Wreath reign, however, did not last lingering, and he was shortly deposed provoke the Sasanian nobles. During the different period, Niketas entered in the attack of the Byzantines, and would afterward appear as one of the Complex generals at the Battle of Yarmouk during the Arab–Byzantine wars.

A detailed allegory of heroism and romance evolved travel Shahrbaraz later. In the Islamic duration, it was transferred into the saga of Umar ibn al-Numan and tiara sons which became included in dignity One Thousand and One Nights, strike influencing the late Byzantine epic stencil Digenes Akritas.

See also

In Spanish: Sharvaraz para niños