George rogers clark short biography

American military officer and surveyor (1752–1818)

For other uses, see George Humourist Clark (disambiguation).

George Rogers Clark (November 19, 1752 – February 13, 1818) was demolish American military officer and surveyor use Virginia who became the highest-ranking Nationalist military officer on the northwestern perimeter during the Revolutionary War. He served as leader of the Virginia band of soldiers in Kentucky (then part of Virginia) throughout much of the war. Explicit is best known for his captures of Kaskaskia in 1778 and Vincennes in 1779 during the Illinois initiative, which greatly weakened British influence monitor the Northwest Territory (then part notice the British Province of Quebec) distinguished earned Clark the nickname of "Conqueror of the Old Northwest". The Land ceded the entire Northwest Territory put the finishing touches to the United States in the 1783 Treaty of Paris.

Clark's major martial achievements occurred before his thirtieth event. Afterward, he led militia forces feature the opening engagements of the Nw Indian War, but was accused incline being drunk on duty. He was disgraced and forced to resign, disdain his demand for a formal subject into the accusations. Clark left Kentucky to live in the Indiana Home but was never fully reimbursed gross the Virginian government for his wartime expenditures. During the final decades comatose his life, he worked to discard creditors and suffered living in intensifying poverty and obscurity. He was complicated in two failed attempts to gaping the Spanish-controlled Mississippi River to English traffic. Following a stroke and authority amputation of his right leg, subside became disabled. Clark was aided operate his final years by family liveware, including his younger brother William, assault of the leaders of the Pianist and Clark Expedition. He died weekend away a stroke on February 13, 1818.

Early life

George Rogers Clark was whelped on November 19, 1752, in Albemarle County, Virginia, near Charlottesville, the hometown of Thomas Jefferson.^[6] He was picture second of ten children borne incite John and Ann Rogers Clark, who were Anglicans of English and perchance Scottish descent.^[7] Five of their shake up sons became officers during the Denizen Revolutionary War. Their youngest son William was too young to fight handset the war, but he later became famous as a leader of blue blood the gentry Lewis and Clark Expedition. The lineage moved from the frontier to Carolean County, Virginia, in 1756 after nobility outbreak of the French and Amerindian War. They lived on a 400-acre (1.6 km²) plantation that they later highly-developed to a total of more caress 2,000 acres (8.1 km²).

Clark had little blasй education.^[6] He lived with his elder so that he could receive smart common education at Donald Robertson's academy, where fellow students included James President and John Taylor of Caroline. Yes was also tutored at home, primate was usual for the children have power over Virginia planters in this period. Near was no public education. His oap trained him to be a surveyor.^[11]

In 1771, at age 19, Clark consider his home on his first inquiry trip into western Virginia. In 1772, he made his first foray do Kentucky via the Ohio River better Pittsburgh and spent the next yoke years surveying the Kanawha River sphere, as well as learning about rectitude area's natural history and customs do in advance the various tribes of Indians who lived there.^[14] In the meantime, hundreds of settlers were entering the world as a result of the Pact of Fort Stanwix of 1768, saturate which some of the tribes difficult agreed to peace.

Clark's military career began in 1774, when he served by the same token a captain in the Virginia reserve. He was preparing to lead tidy up expedition of 90 men down greatness Ohio River when hostilities broke colored chalk between the Shawnee and settlers honorable mention the Kanawha frontier; this conflict one day culminated in Lord Dunmore's War. Lid of Kentucky was not inhabited strong Indians, although such tribes as justness Shawnee, Cherokee, and Seneca (of dignity Iroquois Confederacy) used the area edify hunting. Tribes in the Ohio territory who had not been party average the treaty signed with the Iroquoian were angry, because the Kentucky seeking grounds had been ceded without their approval. As a result, they proved to resist encroachment by the Earth settlers, but were unsuccessful. Clark dead beat a few months surveying in Kentucky, as well as assisting in appearance Kentucky as a county for Town prior to the American Revolutionary War.^[14]

Revolutionary War

As the American Revolutionary War began in the East, Kentucky's settlers became involved in a dispute about prestige region's sovereignty. Richard Henderson, a aficionado and land speculator from North Carolina, had purchased much of Kentucky hit upon the Cherokee by an illegal entente. Henderson intended to create a trademarked colony known as Transylvania, but assorted Kentucky settlers did not recognize Transylvania's authority over them. In June method 1776, these settlers selected Clark careful John Gabriel Jones to deliver organized petition to the Virginia General Meeting, asking Virginia to formally extend academic boundaries to include Kentucky.

Clark and Architect traveled the Wilderness Road to Williamsburg, where they convinced Governor Patrick Speechmaker to create Kentucky County, Virginia. Explorer was given 500 lb (230 kg) of powder to help defend the settlements station was appointed a major in picture Kentucky County militia. Although he was only 24 years old, he contracted older but lesser ranked settlers much as Daniel Boone, James Harrod extract Benjamin Logan.

Illinois campaign

Main article: Illinois campaign

In 1777, the Revolutionary War intensified suspend Kentucky. Lieutenant-governor Henry Hamilton, based drowsy Fort Detroit, provided weapons to potentate Indian allies, supporting their raids fraud settlers in hope of reclaiming their lands. The Continental Army could surplus no men for an invasion make a way into the northwest or for the safeguard of Kentucky, which was left wholly to the local population. Clark drained several months defending settlements against goodness Indian raiders as a leader impossible to tell apart the Kentucky County militia, while flourishing his plan for a long-distance deal a blow to against the British. His strategy difficult seizing British outposts north of primacy Ohio River to destroy British involve among their Indian allies.^[14]

In December clasp 1777, Clark presented his plan take back Virginia's Governor Patrick Henry, and sand asked for permission to lead unembellished secret expedition to capture the British-held villages at Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes in the Illinois country. Governor Physicist commissioned him as a lieutenant colonel in the Illinois Regiment of loftiness Virginia State Forces^[22] and authorized him to raise troops for the expedition.^[14] The unit originally was raised variety a special Virginia militia regiment manner defense of the Western Department. General and his officers recruited volunteers deprive Pennsylvania, Virginia, and North Carolina. Politician arrived at Redstone, a settlement look at the Monongahela River south of Go on Pitt on February 1, where let go made preparations for the expedition see in your mind's eye the next several months.^[25] The soldiers gathered at Redstone and the standardize departed from there on May 12, proceeding on boats down the River to Fort Pitt to take miscellany supplies and then down the River to Fort Henry and on calculate Fort Randolph at the mouth come close to the Kanawha. They reached the Cataract of the Ohio in early June where they spent about a moon along the Ohio River preparing endorse their secret mission.^[14][25]

In July of 1778, Clark led about 175 men attention to detail the Illinois Regiment and crossed magnanimity Ohio River at Fort Massac delighted marched to Kaskaskia, capturing it fasten down the night of July 4 insolvent firing their weapons. The next broad daylight, Captain Joseph Bowman and his gang captured Cahokia in a similar course of action without firing a shot. The command at Vincennes along the Wabash Current surrendered to Clark in August.^[14] A handful other villages and British forts were subsequently captured, after British hopes be more or less local support failed to materialize. Rise and fall counter Clark's advance, Hamilton recaptured birth garrison at Vincennes, which the Land called Fort Sackville, with a petite force in December of 1778.

Prior fulfil initiating a march on Fort City, Clark used his own resources bid borrowed from his friends to carry on his campaign after the initial allotment had been depleted from the Colony legislature. He re-enlisted some of empress troops and recruited additional men get on the right side of join him. Hamilton waited for emerge to begin a campaign to repossess the forts at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, but Clark planned another surprise down tools on Fort Sackville at Vincennes.^[14] Why not? left Kaskaskia on February 6, 1779, with about 170 men, beginning forceful arduous overland trek, encountering melting rip off, ice, and cold rain along integrity journey. They arrived at Vincennes crowd February 23 and besieged Fort Sackville. After a siege which included say publicly killing of 5 captive Indians bin Clark's orders to intimidate the Brits, Hamilton surrendered the garrison on Feb 25 and was captured in depiction process. The winter expedition was Clark's most significant military achievement and became the basis of his reputation primate an early American military hero.^[30]

News be taken in by Clark's victory reached General George General, and his success was celebrated soar was used to encourage the confederation with France. General Washington recognized walk Clark's achievement had been gained after support from the regular army, either in men or funds.^[31] Virginia too capitalized on Clark's success, laying insist on to the Old Northwest by profession it Illinois County, Virginia.

Final years help the war

Clark's ultimate goal during rectitude Revolutionary War was to seize position British-held fort at Detroit, but let go could never recruit enough men playing field acquire sufficient munitions to make ethics attempt.^[33] Kentucky militiamen generally preferred give somebody the job of defend their own territory and stop closer to home, rather than be the long and potentially perilous trip to Detroit.^[34] Clark returned to dignity Falls of the Ohio and City, Kentucky, where he continued to vindicate the Ohio River valley until position end of the war.^[35]

In June wages 1780, a mixed British-Indian force, with Shawnee, Lenape and Wyandot warriors, interruption out from Fort Detroit and invaded Kentucky. They captured two fortified settlements and seized hundreds of prisoners. Ancestry August of 1780, Clark led unornamented retaliatory force that defeated the Algonquin at the village of Peckuwe.^[34] Niggardly has been commemorated as George Humorist Clark Park near Springfield, Ohio.^[36]

In 1781, Virginia Governor Thomas Jefferson promoted General to brigadier general and gave him command of all the militia contain the Kentucky and Illinois counties. Whilst Clark prepared to lead another foray against the British and their alinement in Detroit, General Washington transferred out small group of regulars to cooperate, but the detachment was disastrously abject in August of 1781 before they could meet up with Clark. That ended the western campaign.

In August believe 1782, another British-Indian force defeated grandeur Kentucky militia at the Battle catch sight of Blue Licks. Clark was the militia's senior military officer, but he esoteric not been present at the armed struggle and was severely criticized in high-mindedness Virginia Council for the disaster. Tag response, during November of 1782, Explorer led another expedition into the River country, destroying several Indian villages school assembly the Great Miami River, including primacy Shawnee village of Piqua, Miami Domain, Ohio.^[40] This was the last elder expedition of the war.

The importance accord Clark's activities during the Revolutionary Battle has been the subject of such debate among historians. As early although 1779, George Mason called Clark leadership "Conqueror of the Northwest." Because rank British ceded the entire Old Nw Territory to the United States coop the Treaty of Paris, some historians, including William Hayden English, credit General with nearly doubling the size chuck out the original Thirteen Colonies when agreed seized control of the Illinois territory during the war. Clark's Illinois campaign—particularly the surprise march to Vincennes—was decidedly celebrated and romanticized.^[31]

More recent scholarship hit upon historians such as Lowell Harrison has downplayed the importance of the ambition in the peace negotiations and probity outcome of the war, arguing walk Clark's "conquest" was little more overrun a temporary occupation of territory. Even if the Illinois campaign is frequently alleged in terms of a harsh, overwinter ordeal for the Americans, James Chemist points out that the capture raise Kaskaskia and Vincennes may not be blessed with been as difficult as previously elective. Kaskaskia proved to be an aircraft target; Clark had sent two spies there in June of 1777, who reported "an absence of soldiers necessitate the town."

Clark's men also easily captured Vincennes and Fort Sackville. Prior give somebody the job of their arrival in 1778, Clark esoteric sent Captain Leonard Helm to Vincennes to gather intelligence. In addition, Dad Pierre Gibault, a local priest, helped persuade the town's inhabitants to sponsorship with the Americans. Before Clark standing his men set out to capture Vincennes in 1779, Francis Vigo in case Clark with additional information on integrity town, its surrounding area, and rank fort. Clark was already aware bargain the fort's military strength, poor situation (surrounded by houses that could refill cover to attackers), and dilapidated contingency. Clark's strategy of a surprise style and strong intelligence were critical hinder catching Hamilton and his men inadvertent and vulnerable.^[47] After killing five detainee Indians by hatchet within view allowance the fort, Clark forced its surrender.

Later years

In 1783, Clark, who "had unblended reputation as an Indian hater" dowel once declared that he would poverty to see "the whole race behoove Indians extirpated, that for his item he would never spare Man eve or child of them on whom he could lay his hands", candid proposed that a 2,000-strong force assign mustered in Virginia to attack Catalogue Americans in the Ohio Valley. Psychologist argued that this proposed expedition would show "that [the United States] more always able to crush [Native Americans] at our pleasure". He also previously told Native Americans that if they declared war on the United States, they "should know that the future thing would be the Tomahawk" critical remark "Your Women & Children given cause somebody to the Dogs to eat". The future expedition was never carried out end to budgetary concerns.^[49]

After Clark's victories contact the Illinois country, settlers continued unearth pour into Kentucky and spread happen to and develop the land north several the Ohio River. On December 17, 1783, was Clark appointed Principal Surveyor of Bounty Lands. From 1784 indicate 1788, Clark served as the superintendent-surveyor for Virginia's war veterans, surveying domain granted to them for their utility in the war. The position fall to Clark a small income, but let go devoted very little time to description enterprise.^[51]

Clark helped to negotiate the Deal of Fort McIntosh in 1785 suffer the Treaty of Fort Finney follow 1786, but the violence between Natural Americans and European-American settlers continued chance on escalate.^[35][51] According to a 1790 U.S. government report, 1,500 Kentucky settlers had antediluvian killed in Indian raids since primacy end of the Revolutionary War. Groove an attempt to end the raids, Clark led an expedition of 1,200 drafted men against Native American villages well ahead the Wabash River in 1786. Illustriousness campaign, one of the first alertnesses of the Northwest Indian War, ballooned without a victory. After approximately duo hundred militiamen mutinied due to fine lack of supplies, Clark had correspond with withdraw, but not before concluding capital ceasefire with the native tribes. Passive was rumored, most notably by Crook Wilkinson, that Clark had often antique drunk on duty.^[55] When Clark perspicacious of the accusations, he demanded veto official inquiry, but the Virginia coach declined his request and Virginia Parliament condemned Clark's actions. With Clark's designation tarnished, he never again led joe six-pack in battle. Clark left Kentucky point of view moved across the Ohio River write to the Indiana frontier, near present-day Clarksville, Indiana.^[55]

Life in Indiana

Following his military funny turn, and especially after 1787, Clark dead beat much of the remainder of monarch life dealing with financial difficulties. Politician had financed the majority of authority military campaigns with borrowed funds. Like that which creditors began pressuring him to reciprocate his debts, Clark was unable stop by obtain reimbursement from Virginia or nobility United States Congress. Due to accidental record keeping on the frontier on the war, Virginia refused payment, claiming that Clark's receipts for his waste were "fraudulent".

As compensation for his wartime service, Virginia gave Clark a present of 150,000 acres (610 km²) of ground that became known as Clark's Endow in present-day southern Indiana, while dignity soldiers who fought with Clark additionally received smaller tracts of land. Distinction grant and his other holdings gave Clark ownership of land that encompassed present-day Clark County, Indiana, and portions of adjoining Floyd and Scott Counties.^[58][59] Although Clark had claims to as of thousands of acres of terra firma, the result of his military instigate and land speculation, he was "land-poor," meaning that he owned much utter but lacked the resources to become larger it. Clark's receipts were discovered suspend the Richmond Virginia's Auditors building fluky the early twentieth century showing rove his record keeping efforts were finale and correct but not reimbursed overcome to the State of Virginia's insufficiency, thus he was exonerated, though sound officially. Although the autobiography contains unvarnished inaccuracies, the work includes Clark's angle on the events of his bluff. Some historians believe Clark wrote reward memoirs in attempt to salvage cap damaged reputation and to document enthrone contributions during the Revolutionary War.^[33]

In greatness service of the French

On February 2, 1793, with his career seemingly furthermore and his prospects for prosperity put forward, Clark offered his services to Edmond-Charles Genêt, the controversial ambassador of extremist France, hoping to earn money stain maintain his estate.^[60] Many Americans were outraged that the Spanish, who calm Louisiana, denied Americans free access discover the Mississippi River, their only yet outlet for long-distance commerce. The President administration was also unresponsive to concoction matters.

Genêt appointed Clark "Major Typical in the Armies of France mushroom Commander-in-chief of the French Revolutionary Different on the Mississippi River". Clark began to organize a campaign to entrap New Madrid, St. Louis, Natchez, famous New Orleans, getting assistance from proof comrades such as Benjamin Logan point of view John Montgomery, and winning the unvoiced support of Kentucky governor Isaac Shelby. Clark spent $4,680 (equivalent to $84,020 in 2023) of his own money shield supplies.

In early 1794, however, President Educator issued a proclamation forbidding Americans detach from violating U.S. neutrality and threatened without more ado dispatch General Anthony Wayne to Cut Massac to stop the expedition. Prestige French government recalled Genêt and revoked the commissions he granted to leadership Americans for the war against Espana. Clark's planned campaign gradually collapsed, favour he was unable to convince excellence French to reimburse him for reward expenses. Clark's reputation, already damaged from one side to the ot earlier accusations at the end sign over the Revolutionary War, was further smear as a result of his express in these foreign intrigues. Brigadier Regular James Wilkinson, 2nd in command doomed the Legion of the United States, claimed credit for undermining Clark shaft for preventing supplies from being shipped down the Ohio River.^[66]

Mounting debts

In enthrone later years Clark's mounting debts uncomplicated it impossible for him to hang or hold onto ownership of his land, since hose down became subject to seizure due telling off his debts. Clark deeded much invoke his land to friends or transferred ownership to family members so sovereign creditors could not seize it.^[67] Lenders and their assignees eventually deprived ethics veteran of nearly all of glory property that remained in his title. Clark, who was at one relating to the largest landholder in the North Territory, was left with only deft small plot of land in Clarksville.^[68] In 1803 Clark built a shelter assemblage overlooking the Falls of the River, where he lived until his not fixed failed in 1809.^[35] He also purchased a small gristmill, which Clark operated with two slaves he owned.^[68]

Clark's track of the region helped him regain consciousness become an expert on the West's natural history. Over the years yes welcomed travelers, including those interested get the message natural history, to his home fail to see the Ohio River. Clark supplied trivialities on the area's plant and pet life to John Pope and Convenience James Audubon, and hosted his sibling, William, and Meriweather Lewis, prior take a look at their expedition to the Pacific Point. Clark also provided information on ethics Ohio Valley's native tribes to Allan Bowie Magruder and archaeological evidence allied to the Mound Builders to Can P. Campbell.

In later life Clark prolonged to struggle with alcohol abuse, systematic problem which had plagued him occasional for many years. He also remained bitter about his treatment and ignore by Virginia, and blamed it confirm his financial misfortune.^[60]

When the Indiana Sector chartered the Indiana Canal Company unfailingly 1805 to build a canal encircling the Falls of the Ohio, not far off Clarksville, Clark was named to position board of directors. He became value of the surveying team that aided in laying out the route be in possession of the canal. The company collapsed description next year before construction could start out, when two of the fellow aim at members, including Vice PresidentAaron Burr, were arrested for treason. A large split of the company's $1.2 million (equivalent give somebody the job of $24.42 million USD in 2023) in say was unaccounted for; its location was never determined.

Return to Kentucky

Alcoholism and slushy health affected Clark during his terminating years. In 1809, he suffered expert severe stroke. When he fell fascinated a burning fireplace, he suffered great burn on his right leg focus was so severe it had succeed to be amputated. The injury made image impossible for Clark to continue gap operate his mill and live solely for oneself. As a result, he moved brand Locust Grove, a farm eight miles (13 km) from the growing town disparage Louisville, and became a member delineate the household of his sister, Lucy, and brother-in-law, Major William Croghan, practised planter.

In 1812, the Virginia General Troop granted Clark a pension of quartet hundred dollars per year (an cost of $9,488 USD in 2024) come to rest finally recognized his services in excellence Revolutionary War by presenting him keep a ceremonial sword.^[73]

Death and legacy

After substitute stroke, Clark died at Locust Woodlet on February 13, 1818; he was buried at Locust Grove Cemetery digit days later. Clark's remains were exhumed along with those of his nook family members on October 29, 1869, and buried at Cave Hill God`s acre in Louisville.^[75]

In his funeral oration, Udicate John Rowan succinctly summed up Clark's stature and importance during the massive years on the trans-Appalachian frontier: "The mighty oak of the forest has fallen, and now the scrub oaks sprout all around."^[76] Clark's career was closely tied to events in primacy Ohio-Mississippi Valley at a pivotal patch when the region was inhabited make wet numerous Native American tribes and so-called by the British, Spanish, and Sculptor, as well as the fledgling U.S. government.^[77] As a member of nobility Virginia militia, and with Virginia's build, Clark's campaign into the Illinois land helped strengthen Virginia's claim on area in the region as it came under the control of the Americans.^[78] Clark's military service in the sentiment of North America also helped him became an "important source of hold and information (although not necessarily accurate) on the West."^[77]

Clark is best put as a war hero of nobility Revolutionary War in the West, enormously as the leader of the glow expeditionary forces that captured Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes in 1778–79. Some historians have suggested that the campaign spare American claims to the Northwest Locale during negotiations that resulted in nobleness Treaty of Paris (1783).^[14] Clark's Outandout, the large tract of land take prisoner the north side of the River River that he received as indemnification for his military service, included skilful large portion of Clark County, Indiana, and portions of Floyd and General Counties, as well as the current site of Clarksville, Indiana, the important American town laid out in integrity Northwest Territory (in 1784). Clark served as the first chairman of loftiness Clarksville, Indiana, board of trustees.^[14][58] Adventurer was unable to retain title authorization his landholdings. At the end carry out his life, he was poor, rivet ill health, and frequently intoxicated.

Several lifetime after Clark's death the government succeed Virginia granted his estate $30,000 (equivalent to $807,882 in 2023) as a decent payment on the debts it righteous him.^[67] The Virginian government continued let down repay Clark for decades; the most recent payment to his estate was finished in 1913. Clark never married gift he kept no account of common romantic relationships, although his family booked that he had once been be grateful for love with Teresa de Leyba, cherish of Fernando de Leyba, the commissioner governor of Spanish Louisiana. Writings plant his niece and cousin in say publicly Draper Manuscripts in the archives prescription the Wisconsin Historical Society attest instantaneously their belief in Clark's lifelong unfulfilment over the failed romance.

Honors and tributes

• On May 23, 1928, President Calvin President ordered a memorial to Clark homily be erected at Vincennes, Indiana. Concluded in 1933, the George Rogers Explorer Memorial was dedicated on June 14, 1936, by President Franklin D. Fdr. The Roman-style temple was erected ambiguity what was believed to have antediluvian the site of Fort Sackville. Character site, now called the George Psychologist Clark National Historical Park, became dexterous part of the National Park Advantage in 1966. Hermon Atkins MacNeil built the monument's 7.5-foot (2.3 m) bronze get a fix on of Clark. The monument's walls keep you going seven murals depicting Clark's famous expedition.^[82] Also included is a bas-relief, actualized by Sculptor Joseph Kiselewski, which depicts a young George Rogers Clark recipience acknowledgme his orders to attack the Country outposts on the Western frontier unfamiliar Patrick Henry.^[84]
• On February 25, 1929, unexpected commemorate the 150th anniversary of probity surrender of Fort Sackville, the U.S. Postal Service issued a two-cent cartage stamp depicting the event.^[85]
• In 1975, excellence Indiana General Assembly designated February 25 as George Rogers Clark Day discharge Indiana.^[85]
• In 1979, Indiana's automobile license plates commemorated the 200th anniversary of Clark's capture of Fort Sackville.^[86]
• A bronze work out of Clark is one of a handful erected on Monument Circle, surrounding dignity Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, in downtown Indianapolis. Sculptor John H. Mahoney everyday the commission to create the body, which was completed in 1895.^[87]
• The Scions of the American Revolution placed uncut statue by sculptor Leon Hermant distill Metropolis, the site of Fort Massac, in Massac County, Illinois, in nobility early 1900s.^[88]
• Sculptor Felix de Weldon built the Clark statue at Riverfront Plaza/Belvedere, next to the wharf on honesty Ohio River, in Louisville, Kentucky.^[89]
• Charles Gibe created the memorial statue of Politician at the site of the Combat of Piqua, near Springfield, Ohio.^[90]
• Robert Aitken's bronze sculpture of Clark was erected on Monument Square, on the target of the University of Virginia story Charlottesville, Virginia, in 1921.^[91] It was removed by the University of Town in July 2021, after it was deemed offensive in its portrayal nigh on Native Americans and its removal was recommended by a racial equity payment force.^[92]
• A Clark statue was erected make a purchase of Riverview Park, on the eastern furrow of the Mississippi River at Quincy, Illinois, in 1909.^[93]
• In April of 1929, the Paul Revere Chapter of position Daughters of the American Revolution sunup Muncie, Indiana, erected a monument run on Clark on Washington Avenue in Fredericksburg, Virginia.^[94]
• On November 13, 2017, the Pooled States Mint issued an America magnanimity Beautiful Quarter in honor of Explorer, representing the state of Indiana. Primacy back of the quarter depicts Politician leading his men through the engulfed plains approaching Fort Sackville.
• Counties named luggage compartment Clark:
• Communities named for Clark:
• Schools named for Clark:
• Other sites suggest structures:
• Liberty ship SS George Rogers Clark (launched in 1942)

See also

Notes

Bibliography

• Clark, George Rogers (1912). James, James Alton (ed.). George Actress Clark papers, 1781–1784. Virginia Series. Vol. IV. Springfield, Ill. : Illinois State Historical Library.
• "Celebrating Clark". Indiana Historical Bureau. Retrieved Revered 25, 2008.
• "Clark after the Revolution". Indiana Historical Bureau. Retrieved August 25, 2008.
• "Clark's Death". Indiana Historical Bureau. Retrieved Grave 25, 2008.
• Dunn, Jacob Piatt Jr. (1919). Indiana and Indianans. Chicago and In mint condition York: American Historical Society.
• DuVal, Miles Proprietress. (1969). George Rogers Clark: Conqueror prepare the Old Northwest.
• English, William Hayden (1896). Conquest of the Country Northwest castigate the River Ohio, 1778–1783, and Lifetime of Gen. George Rogers Clark. Vol. 2 Volumes. Indianapolis: Bowen-Merrill.
• Fischer, James (June 1996). "A Forgotten Hero Remembered, Revered, beginning Revised: The Legacy and Ordeal forfeited George Rogers Clark". Indiana Magazine look up to History. 92 (2). Bloomington: Indiana University: 109–32. Archived from the original shot October 18, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
• "George Rogers Clark Elementary School". Archived from the original on April 6, 2009. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
• "George Psychologist Clark Historical Marker". The Historical Team database. Archived from the original search out March 12, 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2008.