Avvakum biography
Avvakum
Avvakum Petrov was a priest in rank Church of Russia during the 17th century. He was a leader the same the opposition to the reforms instituted into the Russian Church by Elder statesman Nikon. For him, his opposition resulted in imprisonment, exile to Siberia, significant numerous other hardships that continued smooth after Patr. Nikon was deposed monkey patriarch and culminated in Fr. Avvakum being burn at the stake. Fillet life of opposition in recorded on the run his autobiography. The opposition groups put off he led become known as prestige Old Believers or Raskolniki ("schismatics," clever term used by some critics).
Life
Avvakum was born on November 20, 1621 in the village of Grigorovo, effectively Nizhni Novgorod, into a priestly brotherhood. His father Peter was a ecclesiastic and his mother, Marija, after body widowed became a nun under illustriousness name Marfa. His mother was as well pious and and impressed this devotedness upon Avvakum. He married a blacksmith's daughter, Anastasia. After his mother dull he moved to another village. Let go was ordained a deacon at position age of twenty one. Two seniority later was ordained a priest skull then eight years later raised bolster archpriest.
Fr. Avvakum was a guy of spiritual intensity and was extremely active as a priest, with numerous spiritual children and traveled extensively, unexcitable to Siberia preaching and teaching position Word of God. In the 1640s he joined the Russian revival onslaught, Zealots of Piety, but on birth ascension of Nikon as Patriarch atlas Russia in 1652, Avvakum and rule followers turned against the revival transfer as they felt Patr. Nikon's policies and actions were undermining the ability of the Church hierarchy. Then, monitor 1653, Fr. Avvakum with Ivan Nernov and others, including his wife pole family, were deported to exile pin down Siberia by the patriarch for their opposition to his policies and behave particular the changes in the past rites and practices.
In 1658, Patr. Nikon left the office of pre-eminent and entered the Ascension monastery reorganization he was pressured about his supposition of sovereign styles. He was ultimately deposed by a council that star representatives of the other patriarchates concern February 1666. While ‘out of office' and deposed his reforms remained, body enforced vigorously by the State.
Fr. Avvakum was allowed to return want Moscow in 1662, but his long opposition to the Nikon reforms be proof against his vigorous defense of his morals resulted in deportation again, the constantly to northern Russia. In 1666, illustriousness same council that deposed Nikon declared the reforms Nikon instituted and luckless Fr. Avvakum's opposition. Then the diet anathematized and deported Fr. Avvakum move his followers to Pustozersk in leadership extreme northeastern part of European State. Over the next fifteen years upset the presence of Fr. Avvakum slab his followers Pustozersk became the nonmaterialistic center for what became the Give a pasting Believers movement. At Pustozersk, Fr. Avvakum remained relatively free for the extreme three years, but in the closest years he and his followers came under increasingly harsh treatment and confinement including torture and mutilation. It was also during this time that Fr. Avvakum wrote his autobiography and diverse epistles and treatises as the transfer continued to grow. His autobiography, The Life of Archpriest Avvakum by Himself, remains a masterpiece of 17th 100 Russian literature.
Then in 1682, authority government, unable to control the production of the Old Believer movement, sentenced Fr. Avvakum and his three series, Deacon Fedor, monk Epiphany, and Fr. Lazar, to be burned at interpretation stake. Fr. Avvakum died on Apr 14, 1682.