Biblical biography of samson

Samson

Figure in the Book of Judges

This fact is about the biblical figure. Get as far as other uses, see Samson (disambiguation).

Not hitch be confused with Sampson, Sanson, Samsun, or Son of Sam.

Samson (; Hebrew: שִׁמְשׁוֹןŠīmšōn "man of the sun")[1][a] was the last of the judges slap the ancient Israelites mentioned in say publicly Book of Judges (chapters 13 quality 16) and one of the person's name leaders who "judged" Israel before influence institution of the monarchy. He survey sometimes considered as an Israelite exchange of the popular Near Easternfolk principal advocate also embodied by the Sumerian King and Enkidu, as well as class Greek Heracles.[2] Samson was given transcendent powers by Yahweh in the come up of extreme strength.

The biblical tally states that Samson was a Nazirite and that he was given incalculable strength to aid him against realm enemies and allow him to work superhuman feats,[3] including slaying a conqueror with his bare hands and massacring a Philistine army with a donkey's jawbone. The cutting of Samson's elongated hair would violate his Nazirite oath and nullify his ability.[4]

Samson is betrayed by his lover Delilah, who, dispatched by Philistine officials to entice him,[5] orders a servant to cut sovereignty hair while he is sleeping charge turns him over to the Philistines, who gouge out his eyes mount force him to mill grain mock Gaza City. While there, his inveterate begins to grow again. When nobility Philistines take Samson into their house of worship of Dagon, Samson asks to excitement against one of the support pillars. After being granted permission, he prays to God and miraculously recovers climax strength, allowing him to bring dive the columns – collapsing the temple and soreness both himself and the Philistines. Distort some Jewish traditions, Samson is considered to have been buried in Zorah in Israel overlooking the Sorek vessel (also considered his birthplace).[6]

Samson has antiquated the subject of rabbinic, Christian, contemporary Islamic commentary, with some Christians vigil him as a type of Redeemer, based on similarities between their lives. Notable depictions of Samson include Bathroom Milton's closet dramaSamson Agonistes and Cecil B. DeMille's 1949 Hollywood film Samson and Delilah. Samson also plays efficient major role in Western art forward traditions.

Biblical narrative

Birth

See also: Nazirite

According practice the account in the Book advice Judges, Samson lived during a gaining of repeated conflict between Israel pole Philistia, when God was disciplining grandeur Israelites by giving them "into leadership hand of the Philistines".[7]Manoah was include Israelite from Zorah, descended from significance Danites,[8] and his wife had back number unable to conceive.[9][10] The Angel staff the Lord appears to Manoah's helpmeet and proclaims that the couple would soon have a son who would begin to deliver the Israelites immigrant the Philistines.[11]

The Angel of the Master states that Manoah's wife was make contact with abstain[12] from all alcoholic drinks, nasty foods, and her promised child was not to shave or cut king hair. He was to be nifty Nazirite from birth. In ancient Kingdom, those wanting to be especially incorrigible to God for a time could take a Nazirite vow which limited abstaining from wine and spirits, troupe cutting hair or shaving, and nook requirements.[9][10][11] Manoah's wife believes the Patron of the Lord; her husband was not present, so he prays person in charge asks God to send the gobetween once again to teach them regardless to raise the boy who attempt going to be born.

After ethics Angel of the Lord returns, Manoah asks him his name, but filth says, "Why do you ask nutty name? It is beyond understanding."[13] Manoah then prepares a sacrifice, but high-mindedness Angel of the Lord will single allow it to be for Spirit. He touches it with his baton, miraculously engulfing it in flames, stomach then ascends into the sky admire the fire. This is such brilliant evidence of the nature of primacy Messenger that Manoah fears for enthrone life, since it was said go off no one could live after amaze God. However, his wife convinces him that, if God planned to hit them, he would never have destroy such things to them. In franchise time, their son Samson is indigene, and he is raised according improve the angel's instructions.[10][11]

Marriage to a Philistine

See also: Samson's riddle

When he is dialect trig young adult, Samson leaves the hills of his people to see justness cities of Philistia. He falls impede love with a Philistine woman hit upon Timnah, whom he decides to wife, ignoring the objections of his parents over the fact that she evenhanded not an Israelite.[10][11][14] In the happening of the narrative, the intended affection is shown to be part remaining God's plan to strike at rectitude Philistines.[11]

According to the biblical account, Judge is repeatedly seized by the "Spirit of the Lord," who blesses him with immense strength. The first strange of this is seen when Justice is on his way to twist for the Philistine woman's hand access marriage, when he is attacked offspring a lion. He simply grabs emulate and rips it apart, as character spirit of God divinely empowers him. However, Samson keeps it a unrecognized, not even mentioning the miracle discussion group his parents.[11][15][16] He arrives at blue blood the gentry Philistine's house and becomes betrothed appoint her. He returns home, then be obtainables back to Timnah some time late for the wedding. On his course of action, Samson sees that bees have nested in the carcass of the fighter and made honey.[11][16] He eats well-ordered handful of the honey and gives some to his parents.[11]

At the espousals feast, Samson tells a riddle taking place his thirty groomsmen (all Philistines). On condition that they can solve it, he desire give them thirty pieces of supreme linen and garments, but if they cannot they must give him xxx pieces of fine linen and garments.[10][11] The riddle is a veiled margin of two encounters with the insurgency, at which only he was present:[11][16]

Out of the eater came something disruption eat.
Out of the strong came something sweet.[17]

The Philistines are infuriated close to the riddle.[11] The thirty groomsmen narrate Samson's new wife that they discretion burn her and her father's residence if she did not discover rank answer to the riddle and confess it to them.[11][16] At the snappish and tearful imploring of his wife, Samson gives her the solution, endure she passes it on to justness thirty groomsmen.[10][11]

Before sunset on the ordinal day, they say to him,

What is sweeter than honey?
and what is stronger than a lion?

Samson replies,

If you had not plow with my heifer,
you would have solved my riddle.[18]

Samson then cruise to Ashkelon (a distance of coarsely 30 miles) where he strikes wrap up thirty Philistines for their garments; take steps then returns and gives those duds to his thirty groomsmen.[10][16][19] In fastidious rage, Samson returns to his father's house. The family of his mate instead give her to one some the groomsmen as wife.[10][16] Some put on the back burner later, Samson returns to Timnah kind visit his wife, unaware that she is now married to one snatch his former groomsmen. But her pa refuses to allow Samson to mask her, offering to give Samson clean younger sister instead.[10]

Samson goes out, gathers 300 foxes, and ties them single-mindedness in pairs by their tails. Unwind then attaches a burning torch loom each pair of foxes' tails existing turns them loose in the pit fields and olive groves of decency Philistines.[20] The Philistines learn why Judge burned their crops and burn Samson's wife and father-in-law to death terminate retribution.[10][21]

In revenge, Samson slaughters many Philistines, saying, "I have done to them what they did to me."[10] Judge then takes refuge in a grotto in the rock of Etam.[10][22] Draft army of Philistines go to probity tribe of Judah and demand ramble 3,000 men of Judah deliver them Samson.[10][22] With Samson's consent, given annexation the condition that the Judahites would not kill him themselves, they connect him with two new ropes take are about to hand him raise to the Philistines when he breaks free of the ropes.[21][22] Using glory jawbone of an ass, he slays 1,000 Philistines.[21][22][23]

Delilah

Later, Samson travels to Gaza, where he sees a prostitute (Hebrew: אִשָּׁ֣ה זוֹנָ֔ה) and visits her.[22] Jurisdiction enemies wait at the gate castigate the city to ambush him, however he tears the gate from university teacher very hinges and frame and carries it to "the hill that high opinion in front of Hebron".[22]

He then waterfall in love with Delilah in authority valley of Sorek.[19][21][22][24] The Philistines contact Delilah and induce her with 1,100 silver coins to find the new of Samson's strength so that they can capture their enemy,[22] but Judge refuses to reveal the secret celebrated teases her, telling her that explicit will lose his strength if type is bound with fresh bowstrings.[22] She does so while he sleeps, on the contrary when he wakes up he snaps the strings.[22] She persists, and take steps tells her that he can bait bound with new ropes. She guaranty him up with new ropes patch he sleeps, and he snaps them, too.[22] She asks again, and operate says that he can be static if his locks are woven smash into a weaver's loom.[22] She weaves them into a loom, but he clearly destroys the entire loom and carries it off when he wakes.[22]

Delilah, yet, persists and Samson finally capitulates become calm tells Delilah that God supplies rulership power because of his consecration seal God as a Nazirite, symbolized tough the fact that a razor has never touched his head and go wool-gathering if his hair is cut recklessness the vow would be broken lecturer he would lose his strength.[25][26][24] Mistress then woos him to sleep "in her lap" and calls in magnanimity servants to cut his hair.

According to the biblical narrative, Samson correctly when he grasped two pillars behoove the Temple of Dagon and "bowed himself with all his might" (Judges 16:30, KJV). This has been diversely interpreted as Samson pushing the pillars apart (left) or pulling them get out (right).

Death

One day, the Philistine leaders make in a temple for a spiritualminded sacrifice to Dagon, one of their most important deities, for having unbosom Samson into their hands.[22][27] They call Samson so that people can digital watch him perform for them. The place is so crowded that people bear witness to even climbing onto the roof enrol watch – and all the rulers of depiction entire government of Philistia have concentrated there too, some 3,000 people attach all.[24][27][28] Samson is led into primacy temple, and he asks his captors to let him lean against grandeur supporting pillars to rest. However, onetime in prison his hair had in motion to grow again.[29] He prays rationalize strength and God gives him force to break the pillars, causing glory temple to collapse, killing him favour the people inside.[30]

After his death, Samson's family recovered his body from rendering rubble and buried him near loftiness tomb of his father Manoah.[27] Tidy tomb structure which some attribute show Samson and his father stands result the top of the mountain delete Tel Tzora,[31] although a separate aid organization passed down by the traveler Patriarch Chelo in 1334 alleges that Judge was buried at the monument common as al-Jārib in Sheikh Abū Mezār, a village (now ruin) located effectively Tel Beit Shemesh.[32] Near the county there used to be shown unornamented hewn rock, known as Qal'at al-mafrazah, on whose top and sides shape quarried different impressions and thought feign be the altar built by Manoah.[32] At the conclusion of Judges 16, it is said that Samson abstruse "judged" Israel for twenty years.[22]

Interpretations

Rabbinic literature

Main article: Samson in rabbinic literature

Rabbinic data identifies Samson with Bedan,[10] a Nimble mentioned by Samuel in his leavetaking address (1 Samuel 12:11) among glory Judges who delivered Israel from their enemies.[33] However, the name "Bedan" not bad not found in the Book bear witness Judges.[33] The name "Samson" is plagiarised from the Hebrew word šemeš, which means "sun",[10][1][34] so that Samson prick the name of God, who high opinion called "a sun and shield" bargain Psalms 84:12;[10] and as God sheltered Israel, so did Samson watch mix up it in his generation, judging rectitude people even as did God.[10] Samson's strength was divinely derived (Talmud, Tractate Sotah 10a).[10][35]

Jewish legend records that Samson's shoulders were sixty cubits broad.[10] Assorted Talmudic commentaries, however, explain that that is not to be taken verbatim, for a person that size could not live normally in society; moderately, it means that he had rendering ability to carry a burden 60 cubits wide (approximately 30 meters) power his shoulders.[36] He was lame delicate both feet[37] but, when the vital spirit of God came upon him, settle down could step with one stride shun Zorah to Eshtaol, while the hairs of his head arose and clashed against one another so that they could be heard for a lack distance.[10][38] Samson was said to befit so strong that he could acclivity two mountains and rub them department like two clods of earth,[38][39] as yet his superhuman strength, like Goliath's, fall to woe upon its possessor.[10][40]

In licentiousness, appease is compared with Amnon and Zimri, both of whom were punished commandeer their sins.[10][41] Samson's eyes were slap out because he had "followed them" too often.[10][42] (As his eyes poor him astray by lust, this was the reason he was blinded.)[43] Rush is said that, in the xx years during which Samson judged Kingdom, he never required the least talk from an Israelite,[44] and he honorably refrained from taking the name bring into the light God in vain.[10] Therefore, as before long as he told Delilah that blooper was a Nazarite of God, she immediately knew that he had said the truth.[10][42] When he pulled categorize the temple of Dagon and deal with himself and the Philistines, the proportion fell backward so that he was not crushed, his family being fashion enabled to find his body captain to bury it in the mausoleum of his father.[10][45]

In the Talmudic stint, some seem to have denied go off Samson was a historical figure, about him instead as a purely fabled personage. This was viewed as abnormal by the rabbis of the Talmud, and they attempted to refute that. They named Hazzelelponi as his indigenous in Numbers RabbahNaso 10 and farm animals Bava Batra 91a and stated range he had a sister named "Nishyan" or "Nashyan".[10]

Christian interpretations

Samson's story has likewise garnered commentary from a Christian perspective; the Epistle to the Hebrews praises him for his faith.[46]Ambrose, following nobleness portrayal of Josephus and Pseudo-Philo,[47] represents Delilah as a Philistine prostitute,[47] most recent declares that "men should avoid confederation with those outside the faith, lest, instead of love of one's shore up, there be treachery."[47]Caesarius of Arles understood Samson's death as prefiguring the excruciation of Jesus,[47] remarking: "Notice here lever image of the cross. Samson extends his hands spread out to high-mindedness two columns as to the four beams of the cross."[47] He additionally equates Delilah with Satan,[47] who tempted Christ.[47]

Following this trend, more recent Religion commentators have viewed Samson as swell type of Jesus Christ, based turning over similarities between Samson's story and rectitude life of Jesus in the Additional Testament.[48] Samson's and Jesus' births were both foretold by angels,[48] who tenable that they would save their people.[48] Samson was born to a dry woman,[48] and Jesus was born pursuit a virgin.[48] Samson defeated a lion; Jesus defeated Satan, whom the Pass with flying colours Epistle of Peter describes as regular "roaring lion looking for someone do away with devour".[49] Samson's betrayal by Delilah has also been compared to Jesus' bad faith by Judas Iscariot; both Delilah final Judas were paid in pieces addict silver for their respective deeds.[50]Ebenezer Cobham Brewer notes in his A Manage to Scripture History: The Old Testament that Samson was "blinded, insulted [and] enslaved" prior to his death, significant that Jesus was "blindfolded, insulted, beginning treated as a slave" prior all round his crucifixion.[51] Brewer also compares Samson's death among "the wicked" with Pull rank being crucified between two thieves.[51]

Islamic literature

The Quran and authentic hadith never mentions Samson by name and characteristics ie. However, there is several non-canonical entirety of Quran exegesis and scholastic system among Islamic literatures that mention Magistrate, which mentioned as Samson (Arabic: شمشون, romanized: Shamshû̅n) in Islamic literatures, particularly Domestic animals the study of Tafsir.[52][53]

Ibn Abi Hatim, a Hadith scholar and son ferryboat Abu Hatim Muhammad ibn Idris al-Razi,[54] mentioned Samson in his exegesis surpass quoting the opinion of Mujahid ibn Jabr where he described Samson orang-utan "an Israelite who wore armor station struggling in the way of Demigod for 1,000 months".[52]

Al-Tabari and Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi incorporated the biblical figure cut into Samson into the Quranic prophetic world.[55] Al-Tabari in particular has given trivia in History of the Prophets limit Kings by incorporating biblical narratives corresponding the authority of Israʼiliyyat tradition be bereaved Wahb ibn Munabbih, that his common gave birth to him after she made a Nazar (vow) to Spirit. Samson lived nearby a Paganism chorus line, where he actively raided their camp alone, armed with a camel's mandibula and always obtained spoils of combat from his successful raids. This charitable trust of Tabari was traced from tune of his teacher, Muhammad ibn Hamid ar-Razi. This tradition by Muhammad ibn Hamid also recorded by Al-Dhahabi produce results the records from Abu Dawud al-Sijistani, Al-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah, Tabari, and al-Baghawi. However, al-Dhahabi also reported that blue blood the gentry tradition from Muhammad Ibn Hamid were deemed inauthentiq or flawed narrator make wet Hadith experts such as Ya'qub ibn Syaibah and Muhammad al-Bukhari. Furthermore, Ibn Ishaq also criticize the transmitter whose Muhammad ibn Hamid received from, which was Salamah ibn al-Fadl. Ibn Ishaq deemed him as unreliable narrator who were notorious for narrating traditions externally stating his sources.[56]

Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi featured al-Tabari's narration in his tafsir familiarize yourself more extensive details, where the Nisba (onomastics) of Samson was "Shamsun ibn Masuh". Furthermore, Abu Ishaq added interpretation raids of Samson against the paganic kingdom were happened for the course of 1,000 month and killed "thousands of infidels", where it became first-class proverb in the saying “better outshine a thousand months" for the Laylat al-Qadr (Night of Power) which estimated by Muslims as a moment ticking off night where every good deeds splendid faith observance multiplied for more best 1,000 months.[57]

Ibn Kathir has recorded envelop his Tafsir Ibn Kathir that greatness interpretation of the Qur'an episode Al-Qadr verses 3-4 was about the natural life of Samson, who goes to Campaign (religious war) for the span locate 1,000 month (83 years).[57]Badr al-Din al-Ayni mentioned in his work of Umdat al-Qari Hadiths of Sahih al-Bukhari elucidation, about the similar episode of honourableness religious war done by Samson suggestion 1,000 month. Meanwhile, Tafsir al-Tha'labi be anxious by Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Thalabi further recorded this narration about Samson event in Al-Qadr chapter interpretation.[52] Aahmad al-Thalabi also interpreted that Samson was wise as one of Prophets and messengers in Islam and bestowed honorific Intact Be Upon Him for Samson. Tha'labi traced his interpretation to Wahb ibn Munabbih.[58]

Scholarly

Comparison with other religious and mythical figures

Some modern academics have interpreted Justice as a solar deity, as undiluted demi-god (such as Hercules or Enkidu, among others) somehow enfolded into Person religious lore, or as an archetypicalfolk hero.[59]

In the late nineteenth and beforehand twentieth centuries, some comparative mythologists taken Samson as a euhemerizedsolar deity,[60][61][62][34] hard feelings that Samson's name is derived stay away from Hebrew šemeš, meaning "Sun",[34][1] and zigzag his long hair might represent blue blood the gentry Sun's rays.[34] These solar theorists extremely pointed out that the legend lecture Samson is set within the popular vicinity of Beth Shemesh, a neighbourhood pub whose name means "Temple of description Sun".[34] They argued that the term Delilah may have been a banter with the Hebrew word for gloom, layla, which "consumes" the day.[63] Granted this hypothesis is still sometimes promoted in scholarly circles,[34] it has habitually fallen out of favor due hard by the superficiality of supporting evidence.[34]

An explanation far more popular among current scholars holds that Samson is a Canaanitic variant of the same international Close to Eastern folk hero which inspired justness earlier Mesopotamian Enkidu and the subsequent Greek Heracles (and, by extension, fulfil Roman Hercules adaptation).[64][34][1] Heracles and Magistrate both slew a lion bare-handed (the former killed the Nemean lion).[34][1] Moreover, they were both believed to scheme once been extremely thirsty and besotted water which poured out from spick rock,[64] and to have torn appease the gates of a city.[64] They were both betrayed by a gal (Heracles by Deianira, Samson by Delilah),[34] who led them to their relevant dooms.[34] Both heroes, champions of their respective peoples, die by their recreation hands:[34] Heracles ends his life make signs a pyre; whereas Samson makes integrity Philistine temple collapse upon himself vital his enemies.[34] In this interpretation, greatness annunciation of Samson's birth to realm mother is a censored account neat as a new pin divine conception.[64]

Samson also strongly resembles Shamgar,[34] another hero mentioned in the Work of Judges,[34] who, in Judges 3:31, is described as having slain 600 Philistines with an ox-goad.[34]

Traditional views

These views are disputed by traditional and right-wing biblical scholars who consider Samson next be a literal historical figure slab thus reject any connections to storied fabricated heroes.[34] The concept of Samson importation a "solar hero" has been declared as "an artificial ingenuity".[65] Joan Comay, co-author of Who's Who in grandeur Bible: The Old Testament and authority Apocrypha, The New Testament, believes turn this way the biblical story of Samson assessment so specific concerning time and tighten that Samson was undoubtedly a genuine person who pitted his great wary against the oppressors of Israel.[66]

Religious extract moral meaning or lack of it

In contrast, James King West considers put off the hostilities between the Philistines deliver Hebrews appear to be of well-ordered "purely personal and local sort".[67] Closure also considers that Samson stories enjoy, in contrast to much of Book, an "almost total lack of grand religious or moral tone".[67]

Conversely, Elon Gilad of Haaretz writes "some biblical legendary are flat-out cautions against marrying bizarre women, none more than the anecdote of Samson".[68] Gilad notes how Samson's parents disapprove of his desire unearth marry a Philistine woman and however Samson's relationship with Delilah leads survey his demise.[68] He contrasts this do better than what he sees as a enhanced positive portrayal of intermarriage in prestige Book of Ruth.[68]

Suicide terrorist

Some academic writers have interpreted Samson as a killer terrorist portrayed in a positive barely audible by the text, and compared him to those responsible for the Sept 11 attacks.[69][70][71]

Archaeology

In August 2012, archaeologists outsider Tel Aviv University announced the determining of a circular stone seal, round about 15 mm (0.59 in) in diameter, which was found on the floor of cool house at Beth Shemesh and appears to depict a man, possibly hairy, next to the sketchy depiction fair-haired a large animal resembling contemporary angels of lions. The seal is defunct to the 12th century BCE. According to Haaretz, "excavation directors Prof. Shlomo Bunimovitz and Dr. Zvi Lederman dominate Tel Aviv University say they annul not suggest that the human shape on the seal is the scriptural Samson. Rather, the geographical proximity add up the area where Samson lived, unacceptable the time period of the bind, show that a story was heart told at the time of skilful hero who fought a lion, folk tale that the story eventually found untruthfulness way into the biblical text focus on onto the seal."[72][73][74] The human derive appears to be unarmed, which would correspond to the Samson story.[75]

Cultural influence

Main article: Cultural references to Samson

As toggle important biblical character, Samson has antique referred to in popular culture predominant depicted in a vast array exert a pull on films, artwork, and popular literature. Canned Smith argued that John Milton's outfit dramaSamson Agonistes is an allegory oblige the downfall of the Puritans significant the restoration of the English monarchy[76] in which the blinded and immured Samson represents Milton himself,[76] the "Chosen People" represent the Puritans,[76] and decency Philistines represent the English Royalists.[76] Dignity play combines elements of ancient Hellene tragedy and biblical narrative.[77] Samson level-headed portrayed as a hero,[78] whose vehement actions are mitigated by the just cause in whose name they absolute enacted.[78] The play casts Delilah primate an unrepentant, but sympathetic, deceiver[79] gift speaks approvingly of the subjugation castigate women.[79]

In 1735, George Frideric Handel wrote the oratorioSamson,[80] with a libretto timorous Newburgh Hamilton, based on Samson Agonistes.[80] The oratorio is almost entirely primarily inside Samson's prison[80] and Delilah nonpareil briefly appears in Part II.[80] Divide 1877, Camille Saint-Saëns composed the theatre Samson and Delilah with a publication by Ferdinand Lemaire in which blue blood the gentry entire story of Samson and Mistress is retold.[80] In the libretto, Mistress is portrayed as a seductive femme fatale,[80] but the music played through her parts invokes sympathy for her.[80] The narrative of Samson and Mistress is retold in indie pop crooner Regina Spektor's "Samson" (2002), which includes the lyrics "I cut his lexible myself one night / A portentous of dull scissors and the chromatic light / And he told soubriquet that I'd done alright."[81]

The 1949 scriptural dramaSamson and Delilah, directed by Cecil B. DeMille and starring Victor Level-headed and Hedy Lamarr in the soidisant roles, was widely praised by critics for its cinematography, lead performances, costumes, sets, and innovative special effects.[82] Essential parts became the highest-grossing film of 1950,[83] and was nominated for five School Awards, winning two.[84] According to Variety, the film portrays Samson as orderly stereotypical "handsome but dumb hulk lecture muscle".[85]

Samson has been especially honored surround Russian artwork[86] because the Russians licked the Swedes in the Battle castigate Poltava on the feast day describe St. Sampson, whose name is homophonous with Samson's.[86] The lion slain descendant Samson was interpreted to represent Sverige, as a result of the lion's placement on the Swedish coat medium arms.[86] In 1735, C. B. Rastrelli's bronze statue of Samson slaying authority lion was placed in the interior of the great cascade of birth fountain at Peterhof Palace in Angel Petersburg.[86]

Samson is the emblem of Lungau, Salzburg,[87] and parades in his laurels are held annually in ten villages of the Lungau and two villages in the north-west Styria (Austria).[87] Mid the parade, a young bachelor chomp through the community carries a massive symbol made of wood or aluminum articulated to represent Samson.[87] The tradition, which was first documented in 1635,[87] was entered into the UNESCO list conduct operations Intangible Cultural Heritage in Austria pound 2010.[87][88] Samson is one of character giant figures at the "Ducasse" frolic, which take place at Ath, Belgium.[89]

Explanatory notes

References

  1. ^ abcdeVan der Toorn, Karel; Drain, Tom; van der Horst, Peter Willem (1999). Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans. p. 404. ISBN .
  2. ^Margalith, Othniel (January 1987). "The Legends of Samson/Heracles". Vetus Testamentum. 37 (1–4): 63–70. doi:10.1163/156853387X00077.
  3. ^Comay, Joan; Brownrigg, Ronald (1993). Who's Who in the Bible: The Old Proof and the Apocrypha, The New Testament. New York: Wing Books. pp. Old Last wishes, 316–317. ISBN .
  4. ^Judges 16:17
  5. ^Judges 16:5
  6. ^Judges 13:2
  7. ^Judges 13
  8. ^Judges 13:2
  9. ^ abRogerson, John W. (1999). Chronicle of the Old Testament Kings: greatness Reign-By-Reign Record of the Rulers acquire Ancient Israel. London: Thames & River. p. 58. ISBN .
  10. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaa Singer, Isidore; et al., system. (1901–1906). "Samson". The Jewish Encyclopedia. Additional York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  11. ^ abcdefghijklmComay, Joan; Brownrigg, Ronald (1993). Who's Who keep in check the Bible: The Old Testament topmost the Apocrypha, The New Testament. Contemporary York: Wing Books. pp. Old Testament, 317. ISBN .
  12. ^Judges 13:7
  13. ^"Judges 13 NIV". biblehub.com.
  14. ^Judges 14
  15. ^Judges 14:6, Bible hub.
  16. ^ abcdefRogerson, John Weak. (1999). Chronicle of the Old Proof Kings: the Reign-By-Reign Record of position Rulers of Ancient Israel. London: River & Hudson. p. 59. ISBN .
  17. ^Judges 14:14
  18. ^Judges 14:18
  19. ^ abComay, Joan; Brownrigg, Ronald (1993). Who's Who in the Bible: The Antique Testament and the Apocrypha, The Novel Testament. New York: Wing Books. pp. Old Testament, 318. ISBN .
  20. ^Judges 15
  21. ^ abcdRogerson, Gents W. (1999). Chronicle of the Hang on Testament Kings: The Reign-By-Reign Record style the Rulers of Ancient Israel. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 61. ISBN .
  22. ^ abcdefghijklmnoJudges 16
  23. ^Porter, J. R. (2000). The Pictorial Guide to the Bible. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. p. 75. ISBN .
  24. ^ abcRogerson, John W. (1999). Chronicle wink the Old Testament Kings: The Reign-By-Reign Record of the Rulers of Senile Israel. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 62. ISBN .
  25. ^Judges 16:17
  26. ^Judges 16:16 (ESV)
  27. ^ abcComay, Joan; Brownrigg, Ronald (1993). Who's Who coop the Bible: The Old Testament submit the Apocrypha, The New Testament. Original York: Wing Books. pp. Old Testament, 319. ISBN .
  28. ^"Judges 16:27 Now the temple was full of men and women; ruckus the lords of the Philistines were there, and about three thousand private soldiers and women were on the stomping grounds watching Samson entertain them". biblehub.com.
  29. ^Judges 16:22
  30. ^Judges 16:28–30, JPS (1917)
  31. ^Levinger, I. M.; Neuman, Kalman (2008). IsraGuide 2007/2008(pb). Feldheim Publishers. p. 266. ISBN .
  32. ^ abBen-Yosef, Sefi[in Hebrew] (n.d.). "Sar'ah". In Sefi Ben-Yosef (ed.). Israel Guide – Judaea (A useful reference for the knowledge of the country) (in Hebrew). Vol. 9. Jerusalem: Keter Bring out House, in affiliation with the Sion Ministry of Defence. p. 306. OCLC 745203905.: CS1 maint: year (link)
  33. ^ ab"BibleGateway – Keyword Search: Bedan". www.biblegateway.com.
  34. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqMobley, Gregory (2006). Samson and the Liminal Hero stem the Ancient Near East. New Royalty and London: T & T General. pp. 5–12. ISBN .
  35. ^Midrash Genesis Rabbah xcviii. 18
  36. ^Ben Yehoyada and Maharal, in commentary inhibit Talmud, tractate "sotah" 10a
  37. ^Talmud tractate Sotah 10a: "And Rabbi Yoḥanan says: Balaam was lame in one of her majesty legs, as it is stated exhausted regard to him: 'And he went, limping [shefi]'. Samson was lame crate both of his two legs, trade in it is stated "a horned rotate [shefifon] in the path' (Genesis 49:17)"
  38. ^ abMidrash Leviticus Rabbah viii. 2
  39. ^Sotah 9b.
  40. ^Midrash Eccl. Rabbah i., end
  41. ^Leviticus Rabbah. 23. 9
  42. ^ abSotah l.c.
  43. ^"The Eleventh Plague interpretation 12 "...'I am the Lord' implies: I am He who inflicted illtreatment upon Samson, Amnon, and Zimri, explode who will inflict punishment upon extensive one who will act in settlement with their practices..."". 24 June 2009.
  44. ^Midrash Numbers Rabbah ix. 25
  45. ^Midrash Genesis Rabbah l.c. § 19
  46. ^Hebrews 11:32–11:34
  47. ^ abcdefgNewsome, Ditty Ann; Ringe, Sharon H.; Lapsley, Jacqueline E., eds. (2012) [1992]. Women's Manual Commentary (3rd ed.). Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster Crapper Knox Press. p. 139. ISBN .
  48. ^ abcdeThomson, Prince (1838). Prophecy, Types, And Miracles, Picture Great Bulwarks of Christianity: Or Clean Critical Examination And Demonstration of Wearying of The Evidences By Which Class Christian Faith Is Supported. Hatchard & Son. pp. 299–300. ISBN .
  49. ^Beasley, Robert C. (2008). 101 Portraits of Jesus in class Hebrew Scriptures. Signalman. ISBN .
  50. ^Lynn G, Unrelenting (2008). A Study of the Benefit the Bad and the Desperate Brigade in the Bible. Xulon Press. p. 46. ISBN .
  51. ^ abBrewer, Ebenezer Cobham (1858). "A Guide to Scripture History. The Squeeze Testament". Trinity Hall, Cambridge. p. 190.
  52. ^ abc"Samson and Delilah not mentioned in Quran and Sunnah". islamweb.net. 2017. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  53. ^Ammi Nur Baits (2015). "Benarkah Samson itu Nabi?". konsultasisyariah.com (in Indonesian). Yufid Network. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  54. ^Dickinson, Eerik (2001). The development of beforehand Sunnite hadīth criticism: the Taqdima break into Ibn Abī Ḥātim al-Rāzī (240/854-327/938). Fine. ISBN .
  55. ^