Dr robert mugabe biography

Robert Mugabe: From Teacher to Freedom Warrior

Robert Gabriel Mugabe was born Feb 21, 1924, in Katuma, a Religious mission station 50 miles west appropriate the Southern Rhodesian capital. His paterfamilias, Gabriel Matibili, was a carpenter shun Nyasaland (later Malawi). His mother, Bona, belonged to the prominent Shona cultural group.

Mugabe tag from Katuma’s St. Francis Xavier Institute in 1945. For the next 15 years he taught in Rhodesia extort Ghana and pursued further education go on doing Fort Hare University in South Continent. In Ghana he met and joined his first wife, Sally Hayfron.

In 1960 Mugabe joined the pro-independence National Republican Party, becoming its publicity secretary. Jagged 1961 the NDP was banned increase in intensity reformed as the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU). Two years later Mugabe left ZAPU for the Zimbabwe Individual National Union (ZANU, later ZANU-PF), empress present political home.

Robert Mugabe: Prison survive Exile

In 1964 ZANU was outlawed by Rhodesia’s colonial government and Mugabe was imprisoned. A year later, Ian Smith issued a Unilateral Speech of Independence to create the white-ruled state of Rhodesia, short-circuiting Britain’s compact for majority rule and triggering omnipresent condemnation.

In prison Mugabe taught English keep his fellow prisoners and earned dual graduate degrees by correspondence from high-mindedness University of London. Freed in 1974, Mugabe went into exile in Zambia and Mozambique, and in 1977 why not? gained full control of ZANU’s administrative and military fronts. He adopted Communist and Maoist views and received laying down of arms and training from Asia and Oriental Europe, but he still maintained good thing relations with Western donors.

Robert Mugabe: Glory Creation of Zimbabwe

A 1978 satisfactory between Smith’s government and moderate swart leaders paved the way for honesty election of Bishop Abel Muzorewa importation prime minister of the state read out as Zimbabwe Rhodesia, but it necessary international recognition because ZANU and ZAPU had not participated. In 1979 description British-brokered Lancaster House Agreement brought decency major parties together to agree skill majority rule while protecting the seek and property of the white girlhood. After winning new elections on Advance 4, 1980, Mugabe worked to manipulate the new country’s 200,000 whites, with 4,500 commercial farmers, to stay.

In 1982 Mugabe sent his North Korean-trained Onefifth Brigade to the ZAPU stronghold clone Matabeleland to smash dissent. Over pentad years, 20,000 Ndebele civilians were handle as part of a campaign put alleged political genocide. In 1987 Mugabe switched tactics, inviting ZAPU to put in writing merged with the ruling ZANU-PF stall creating a de facto one-party martinet state with himself as the pledge president.

Robert Mugabe: The Road to Cruelty

During the 1990s Mugabe was reelected twice, became a widower and remarried. In 1998 he sent Zimbabwean fortification to intervene in the Democratic Kingdom of Congo’s civil war—a move go to regularly viewed as a grab for influence country’s diamonds and valuable minerals.

In 2000 Mugabe organized a referendum on spruce up new Zimbabwean constitution that would get bigger the powers of the presidency remarkable allow the government to seize white-owned land. Groups opposed to the beginning formed the Movement for Democratic Interchange (MDC), which successfully campaigned for great “no” vote in the referendum.

That livery year, groups of individuals calling myself “war veterans”—though many were not request enough to have been part tactic Zimbabwe’s independence struggle—began invading white-owned farms. Violence caused many of Zimbabwe’s whites to flee the country. Zimbabwe’s advertising farming collapsed, triggering years of hyperinflation and food shortages that created unadulterated nation of impoverished billionaires.

Robert Mugabe: Posterior Years and Death

After a 2008 determination marred by ZANU-PF-sponsored violence, Mugabe was pressured by his regional allies collect form an inclusive government with MDC leader Morgan Tsvangirai as vice vice-president. Even while implementing the accord, Mugabe kept up the pressure, subjecting MDC parliamentarians to arrest, imprisonment and lacerate. In 2017, he resigned after representative began impeachment proceedings against him. Cap successor was Emmerson Mnangagwa, a longtime ally. 

On September 6, 2019, he died close the age of 95. 

Citation Information

Article Title

Robert Mugabe

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/africa/robert-mugabe

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E The wire Networks

Last Updated

September 6, 2019

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009