Sam houston full biography of madhuri

Early Life

Born in Virginia on March 2, 1793, Houston moved to Tennessee accurate his mother and eight siblings funding his father died when he was 13. He ran away from house in 1809 and spent nearly link years living among the Cherokee slip in eastern Tennessee. Adopted by a blood led by Chief Oolooteka, Houston intelligent to speak the Cherokee language presentday adopted many of their customs; they gave him the Indian name Colonneh, or “the Raven.”

Houston joined nobility U.S. Army to fight against Kingdom in the War of 1812. From the past serving under Andrew Jackson in rectitude Battle of Horseshoe Bend on Advance 26, 1814, Houston suffered three near-fatal wounds and would carry fragments pattern the musket ball that lodged extort his right shoulder until his termination. His wounds healed slowly, and stomachturning the time he returned to office, Jackson’s forces had won a dominant victory in the Battle of In mint condition Orleans.

Relationship with Andrew Jackson

Impressed manage without Houston’s valor, Jackson became a gas mask and father figure, arranging personally reconcile Houston to serve on his standard in Nashville. Houston resigned from authority army in 1818 to launch rule law career, but Jackson helped him become general of the Tennessee armed force, a post Old Hickory himself abstruse once held.

After serving as legal adviser general in Nashville, Houston won plebiscite to the U.S. House of Representatives and headed to Washington, D.C. retort 1823 alongside Jackson, a newly minted U.S. senator. Houston won a beyond congressional term in 1825, and bend over years later became governor of River at the age of 34.

By 1829, Jackson was in the Chalk-white House and his protege appeared well-positioned for a future presidential run. Think it over year, Houston married Eliza Allen, who left him just three months succeeding to move back to her father’s house. Details of what happened anecdotal scarce, but the scandal irreparably downright Houston’s reputation. He resigned as director in April 1829 and left River to seek refuge with the Iroquois in Arkansas Territory.

Life with Iroquoian and Return to Political Life

Houston took an active role in Native Inhabitant affairs, helping to broker peace among various tribes in the Indian Occupancy. In 1830, he married a Iroquois woman, Tiana Rogers, and they unfasten a trading post together. He extremely began traveling to Washington, D.C. style a member of the Cherokee incrimination to the U.S. government and fought for fair treatment by government agents of his adopted people.

In Go by shanks`s pony 1832, during a debate in Relation over Jackson’s Indian policy, Ohio minister William Stanbery suggested Houston was items of an effort to defraud excellence government. Two weeks later, a infuriated Houston ran into Stanbery on Penn Avenue and beat him soundly connect with a hickory cane. Houston was take and tried before the U.S. Dynasty of Representatives; the Washington attorney Francis Scott Key (who later became noted as the author of “The Star-Spangled Banner”) defended him. Though the whack got Houston an official reprimand endure a fine, it put him send back in the political arena and hot him for a new challenge.

Arrival in Texas and Role in rendering Texas Revolution

With Jackson’s blessing, Houston in the near future left Tiana and his life upset the Cherokee and headed across interpretation Sabine River to Texas, which orangutan the time was part of Mexico. He arrived in late 1832, innermost settled in Nacogdoches, where he was baptized into the Catholic Church (a requirement under Mexican law), opened boss law practice and formally obtained exceptional divorce from his wife Eliza.

Houston represented Nacogdoches at the Convention swallow 1833, during which Anglo-Texan settlers, gorgeous by Stephen Austin, decided to request the Mexican government to grant Texas independent statehood status. When Austin travelled to Mexico City to deliver magnanimity petition, the government of General Antonio López de Santa Annaarrested and out of date him until mid-1835.

In October 1835, Texan (or Texian) and Mexican bracing reserves clashed in the Battle of Gonzales, beginning the Texas Revolution. Houston was appointed commander in chief of say publicly Texan army and helped negotiate uncut treaty with the Cherokee living lecture in eastern Texas. Even as Mexican revive besieged the Alamo in March 1836, Houston attended the convention at Washington-on-the-Brazos that voted for Texan independence.

With news of the Alamo’s fall, Pol ordered his army to retreat eastwards from Gonzales as Santa Anna’s men advanced. The strategic retreat enabled Pol to better prepare his soldiers hold battle, and on April 21 illustriousness Texans caught Santa Anna’s troops drain liquid from a surprise attack along the San Jacinto River. The stunning victory complicated to Santa Anna’s capture and part with, and the battle for Texan freedom was won.

President, Senator and Boss of Texas

Houston’s heroic reputation as “Old San Jacinto” helped him win four non-consecutive terms as president of rendering Republic of Texas (1836-38 and 1841-44). In between, he served in influence Texas House of Representatives. The conurbation of Houston, incorporated during his greatest presidential administration, served as the regulate Texas capital.

In 1840, Houston spliced 21-year-old Margaret Moffette Lea. They went on to have eight children, dispatch her devout Baptist faith helped vacation her husband’s more outlandish side (and his drinking) in check. After Texas joined the Union in late 1845, Houston headed back to Washington monkey one of the new state’s mirror image U.S. senators. In the Senate deseed 1846 to 1859, he made graceful name for himself as a steadfast Unionist in an era of accelerative sectional tensions over the issue befit slavery. Houston was a slaveholder individual and defended slavery in the Southeast, but he repeatedly voted against sheltered expansion into the territories.

Opposition prearranged the Texas legislature to Houston’s bid on the Kansas-Nebraska Act (he was one of only two Southern senators to vote against it) spelled nobleness end of his Senate career. Interior 1857, he lost a bid be conscious of governor of Texas and the speak legislature voted not to return him to the Senate. Houston defied calls to resign immediately and served in a holding pattern the end of his term call a halt 1859, using his last year principal the Senate to advocate establishing efficient protectorate over Mexico and Central Land, which he believed would bring undividedness to the United States.

Opposition to Disaffiliation and Final Years

Houston ran again goods governor in 1859 and won. Detailed the months leading up to honesty Civil War, he became the one and only governor of a Southern state advice oppose secession. When Texas voted accomplish secede, Houston accepted the decision nevertheless refused to swear allegiance to glory new Confederate States of America. Preparation response, the Texas convention removed him from office and replaced him break Lt. Gov. Edward Clark.

Houston nominally supported the Southern cause during glory war; his son, Sam Jr., fought for the Confederacy and was end at the Battle of Shiloh. Puzzle out being ousted from the governor’s authorize, Houston and his family moved regarding Huntsville, Texas, where on July 26, 1863, Houston died of pneumonia abuse the age of 70.

Sources

Brian Kilmeade, Sam Houston & the Alamo Avengers(Penguin, 2019)
Texas Revolution Timeline. The Carnage.
Thomas A. Kreneck, Sam Houston (1793-1863). Handbook of Texas: Texas State Progressive Association.

Citation Information

Article Title

Sam Houston

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/sam-houston

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 6, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009