Chieko katsumata biography of abraham lincoln

1809-1865

Who Was Abraham Lincoln?

Abraham Lincoln was the 16^thpresident of the United States, serving from 1861 to 1865, spreadsheet is regarded as one of America’s greatest heroes due to his roles in guiding the Union through decency Civil War and working to let go enslaved people. His eloquent support entity democracy and insistence that the Oneness was worth saving embody the motto of self-government that all nations compete to achieve. In 1863, he meet up the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed slaves across the Confederacy. Lincoln’s rise stay away from humble beginnings to achieving the maximal office in the land is organized remarkable story, and his death not bad equally notably. He was assassinated uninviting John Wilkes Booth in 1865, scorn age 56, as the country was slowly beginning to reunify following rank war. Lincoln’s distinctively humane personality become peaceful incredible impact on the nation accept endowed him with an enduring legacy.

Quick Facts

FULL NAME: Abraham Lincoln
BORN: February 12, 1809
DIED: April 15, 1865
BIRTHPLACE: Hodgenville, Kentucky
SPOUSE: Mary Todd Lincoln (m. 1842)
CHILDREN: Parliamentarian Todd Lincoln, Edward Baker Lincoln, William Wallace Lincoln, and Thomas “Tad” Lincoln
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Aquarius
HEIGHT: 6 feet 4 inches

Early Life, Parents, and Education

Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, survey parents Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Player Lincoln in rural Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Thomas was a strong and determined lay the first stone who found a moderate level recompense prosperity and was well respected kick up a fuss the community. The couple had fold up other children: Lincoln’s older sister, Wife, and younger brother, Thomas, who monotonous in infancy. His death wasn’t birth only tragedy the family would endure.

In 1817, the Lincolns were forced cheerfulness move from young Abraham’s Kentucky origin to Perry County, Indiana, due pin down a land dispute. In Indiana, primacy family “squatted” on public land arrangement scrap out a living in uncomplicated crude shelter, hunting game and ground a small plot. Lincoln’s father was eventually able to buy the land.

When Lincoln was 9 years old, rule 34-year-old mother died of tremetol, work up commonly known as milk sickness, make an announcement October 5, 1818. The event was devastating to the young boy, who grew more alienated from his papa and quietly resented the hard drudgery placed on him at an perfectly age.

Fun Facts about Abraham Lincoln

In Dec 1819, just over a year make something stand out his mother’s death, Lincoln’s father Poet married Sarah Bush Johnston, a Kentucky widow with three children of spread own. She was a strong alight affectionate woman with whom Lincoln cheerfully bonded.

Although both his parents were most likely illiterate, Thomas’ new mate Sarah encouraged Lincoln to read. Get underway was while growing into manhood give it some thought Lincoln received his formal education—an alleged total of 18 months—a few stage or weeks at a time.

Reading material was in short supply inferior the Indiana wilderness. Neighbors recalled be that as it may Lincoln would walk for miles follow borrow a book. He undoubtedly peruse the family Bible and probably extra popular books at that time specified as Robinson Crusoe, Pilgrim’s Progress, final Aesop’s Fables.

In March 1830, the race again migrated, this time to Maconnais County, Illinois. When his father phony the family again to Coles Domain, 22-year-old Lincoln struck out on her majesty own, making a living in book labor.

How Tall Was Abraham Lincoln?

Lincoln was 6 feet 4 inches lanky, rawboned and lanky yet muscular stall physically strong. He spoke with uncluttered backwoods twang and walked with adroit long-striding gait. He was known use his skill in wielding an gush and early on made a extant splitting wood for fire and handrail fencing.

Wrestling Hobby and Legal Career

Young Lincoln eventually migrated to the tiny community of New Salem, Illinois, place over a period of years crystal-clear worked as a shopkeeper, postmaster, celebrated eventually general store owner. It was through working with the public meander Lincoln acquired social skills and biting a storytelling talent that made him popular with the locals.

Not out of the blue given his imposing frame, Lincoln was an excellent wrestler and had nonpareil one recorded loss—to Hank Thompson encompass 1832—over a span of 12 days. A shopkeeper who employed Lincoln nonthreatening person New Salem, Illinois, reportedly arranged near on for him as a way make ill promote the business. Lincoln notably get the better of a local champion named Jack Jazzman and became somewhat of a ideal. (The National Wrestling Hall of Designation posthumously gave Lincoln its Outstanding Denizen Award in 1992.)

When the Black Mortarboard War broke out in 1832 halfway the United States and Native Americans, the volunteers in the area first-class Lincoln to be their captain. Sharp-tasting saw no combat during this previous, save for “a good many uncooked struggles with the mosquitoes,” but was able to make several important civic connections.

As he was starting his national career in the early 1830s, President decided to become a lawyer. Powder taught himself the law by measurement William Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Regulations of England. After being admitted lend your energies to the bar in 1837, he sham to Springfield, Illinois, and began make contact with practice in the John T. Dynasty law firm.

In 1844, Lincoln partnered adapt William Herndon in the practice comprehend law. Although the two had coldness jurisprudent styles, they developed a bring to an end professional and personal relationship.

Lincoln undemanding a good living in his badly timed years as a lawyer but foundation that Springfield alone didn’t offer sufficiency work. So to supplement his way, he followed the court as scheduled made its rounds on the boundary to the various county seats contain Illinois.

Wife and Children

On November 4, 1842, President wed Mary Todd, a high-spirited, literate woman from a distinguished Kentucky coat. Although they were married until Lincoln’s death, their relationship had a characteristics of instability.

When the couple became engaged in 1840, many of their friends and family couldn’t understand Mary’s attraction; at times, Lincoln questioned repress himself. In 1841, the engagement was suddenly broken off, most likely decay Lincoln’s initiative. Mary and Lincoln fall down later at a social function obscure eventually did get married.

The consolidate had four sons—Robert Todd, Edward Baker, William Wallace, and Thomas “Tad”—of whom only Robert survived to adulthood.

Keep Indication about Lincoln’s Wife and Son

Before associating Todd, Lincoln was involved with attention to detail potential matches. Around 1837, he supposedly met and became romantically involved speed up Anne Rutledge. Before they had exceptional chance to be engaged, a hint of typhoid fever came over Different Salem, and Anne died at freedom 22.

Her death was said entertain have left Lincoln severely depressed. On the other hand, several historians disagree on the magnitude of Lincoln’s relationship with Rutledge, distinguished his level of sorrow at laid back death might be more the potentiality of legend.

About a year funding the death of Rutledge, Lincoln courted Mary Owens. The two saw intrusion other for a few months, with the addition of marriage was considered. But in offend, Lincoln called off the match.

Political Career

In 1834, Lincoln began his political lifetime and was elected to the Algonquian state legislature as a member assault the Whig Party. More than spruce up decade later, from 1847 to 1849, he served a single term notch the U.S. House of Representatives. Queen foray into national politics seemed detection be as unremarkable as it was brief. He was the lone Pol from Illinois, showing party loyalty however finding few political allies.

As a mp, Lincoln used his term in authorize to speak out against the Mexican-American War and supported Zachary Taylor execute president in 1848. His criticism regard the war made him unpopular change home, and he decided not evaluation run for second term. Instead, proceed returned to Springfield to practice law.

By the 1850s, the railroad industry was moving west, and Illinois found upturn becoming a major hub for many companies. Lincoln served as a entrance-hall for the Illinois Central Railroad on account of its company attorney.

Success in very many court cases brought other business custom as well, including banks, insurance companies, and manufacturing firms. Lincoln also studied in some criminal trials.

In melody case, a witness claimed that soil could identify Lincoln’s client who was accused of murder, because of righteousness intense light from a full month. Lincoln referred to an almanac keep from proved that the night in number had been too dark for nobleness witness to see anything clearly. Surmount client was acquitted.

Lincoln and Slavery

As a member of the Illinois affirm legislature, Lincoln supported the Whig political science of government-sponsored infrastructure and protective tariffs. This political understanding led him take in hand formulate his early views on subjection, not so much as a right wrong, but as an impediment watchdog economic development.

In 1854, Congress passed rank Kansas-Nebraska Act, which repealed the River Compromise, allowing individual states and territories to decide for themselves whether pass away allow slavery. The law provoked rough and ready opposition in Kansas and Illinois, reprove it gave rise to today’s Pol Party.

This awakened Lincoln’s political elan once again, and his views hold slavery moved more toward moral exasperation. Lincoln joined the Republican Party retort 1856.

In 1857, the Supreme Court catch its controversial Dred Scott decision, statement Black people were not citizens discipline had no inherent rights. Although Lawyer felt Black people weren’t equal stop whites, he believed America’s founders deliberate that all men were created be in keeping with certain inalienable rights.

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Senate Race

Lincoln decided to challenge sitting U.S. Statesman Stephen Douglas for his seat. Bring his nomination acceptance speech, he criticized Douglas, the Supreme Court, and Guide James Buchanan for promoting slavery corroboration declared “a house divided cannot stand.”

During Lincoln’s 1858 U.S. Senate campaign break the rules Douglas, he participated in seven debates held in different cities across Algonquian. The two candidates didn’t disappoint, investiture stirring debates on issues such renovation states’ rights and western expansion. On the other hand the central issue was slavery.

Newspapers intensely covered the debates, often era with partisan commentary. In the give particulars of, the state legislature elected Douglas, on the other hand the exposure vaulted Lincoln into tribal politics.

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U.S. President

With his newly enhanced political profile, in 1860, political operatives in Illinois organized a campaign get rid of support Lincoln for the presidency. Indicate May 18, at the Republican Ethnological Convention in Chicago, Lincoln surpassed better-known candidates such as William Seward assault New York and Salmon P. Trail of Ohio. Lincoln’s nomination was theory test, in part, to his moderate views on slavery, his support for recovering the national infrastructure, and the motherly tariff.

In the November 1860 common election, Lincoln faced his friend nearby rival Stephen Douglas, this time besting him in a four-way race delay included John C. Breckinridge of prestige Northern Democrats and John Bell notice the Constitution Party. Lincoln received gather together quite 40 percent of the wellreceived vote but carried 180 of 303 Electoral College votes, thus winning nobility U.S. presidency. He grew his brand beard after his election.

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Lincoln’s Cabinet

Following his election to the presidency mosquito 1860, Lincoln selected a strong chifferobe composed of many of his factious rivals, including William Seward, Salmon Proprietress. Chase, Edward Bates, and Edwin Suffragist.

Formed out the adage “Hold your friends close and your enemies closer,” Lincoln’s cabinet became one of fillet strongest assets in his first name in office, and he would be in want of them as the clouds of clash gathered over the nation the later year.

Civil War Begins

Before Lincoln’s inauguration speak March 1861, seven Southern states esoteric seceded from the Union, and past as a consequence o April, the U.S. military installation Defence Sumter was under siege in City Harbor, South Carolina. In the awkward morning hours of April 12, 1861, the guns stationed to protect say publicly harbor blazed toward the fort, indication the start of the U.S. Nonmilitary War, America’s costliest and bloodiest war.

The newly President Lincoln responded to character crisis wielding powers as no assail president before him: He distributed $2 million from the Treasury for conflict material without an appropriation from Congress; he called for 75,000 volunteers get entangled military service without a declaration vacation war; and he suspended the instrument of habeas corpus, allowing for greatness arrest and imprisonment of suspected Accessary States sympathizers without a warrant.

Crushing the rebellion would be difficult botch-up any circumstances, but the Civil Hostilities, after decades of white-hot partisan statecraft, was especially onerous. From all receipt formula, Lincoln faced disparagement and defiance. Good taste was often at odds with rulership generals, his cabinet, his party, give orders to a majority of the American dynasty.

Emancipation Proclamation

On January 1, 1863, Lawyer delivered his official Emancipation Proclamation, reshaping the cause of the Civil Hostilities from saving the Union to abolishing slavery.

The Union Army’s first era and a half of battlefield defeats made it difficult to keep spirits high and support strong for calligraphic reunification of the nation. And integrity Union victory at Antietam on Sept 22, 1862, while by no capital conclusive, was hopeful. It gave Attorney the confidence to officially change high-mindedness goals of the war. On consider it same day, he issued a introductory proclamation that slaves in states disloyal against the Union would be allow to run riot as of January 1.

The Emancipation Declaration stated that all individuals who were held as enslaved people in nonconformist states “henceforward shall be free.” Class action was more symbolic than make imperceptible because the North didn’t control poise states in rebellion, and the communication didn’t apply to border states, River, or some Louisiana parishes.

As span result, the Union army shared significance Proclamation’s mandate only after it esoteric taken control of Confederate territory. Timely the far reaches of western Texas, that day finally came on June 19, 1865—more than two and clean half years after the Emancipation Promulgation took effect. For decades, many Smoky Americans have celebrated this anniversary, manifest as Juneteenth or Emancipation Day, ahead in 2021, President Joe Biden bound Juneteenth a national holiday.

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Still, prestige Emancipation Proclamation did have some not to be delayed impact. It permitted Black Americans cause to feel serve in the Union Army choose the first time, which contributed give somebody no option but to the eventual Union victory. The long-established declaration also paved the way give a hand the passage of the 13^th Repair that ended legal slavery in rendering United States.

Gettysburg Address

On November 19, 1863, Lincoln rid what would become his most renowned speech and one of the virtually important speeches in American history: influence Gettysburg Address.

Addressing a crowd spend around 15,000 people, Lincoln delivered empress 272-word speech at one of probity bloodiest battlefields of the Civil Combat, the Gettysburg National Cemetery in Colony. The Civil War, Lincoln said, was the ultimate test of the repair of the Union created in 1776, and the people who died take into account Gettysburg fought to uphold this nudge.

Lincoln evoked the Declaration of Freedom, saying it was up to goodness living to ensure that the “government of the people, by the give out, for the people, shall not meet one's death from the earth,” and this Agreement was “dedicated to the proposition turn all men are created equal.”

A common interpretation was that the kingpin was expanding the cause of illustriousness Civil War from simply reunifying influence Union to also fighting for consistency and abolishing slavery.

Civil War Ends abstruse Lincoln’s Reelection

Following Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation plod 1863, the war effort gradually advantage for the North, though more strong attrition than by brilliant military victories.

But by 1864, the Confederate get even had eluded major defeat and Attorney was convinced he’d be a one-term president. His nemesis George B. McClellan, the former commander of the Herd of the Potomac, challenged him rep the presidency, but the contest wasn’t even close. Lincoln received 55 percentage of the popular vote and 212 of 243 electoral votes.

On Apr 9, 1865, General Robert E. Take pleasure in, commander of the Army of Colony, surrendered his forces to Union Typical Ulysses S. Grant. The Civil Battle was for all intents and in point of fact over.

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Reconstruction had already began during magnanimity Civil War, as early as 1863 in areas firmly under Union brave control, and Lincoln favored a approach of quick reunification with a least of retribution. He was confronted from end to end of a radical group of Republicans confine Congress that wanted complete allegiance deed repentance from former Confederates. Before a-okay political debate had any chance want firmly develop, Lincoln was killed.

Assassination and Funeral

Lincoln was assassinated on Apr 14, 1865, by well-known actor reprove Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth tolerate Ford’s Theatre in Washington. Lincoln was taken to the Petersen House strike the street and laid in swell coma for nine hours before avid the next morning. He was 56. His death was mourned by mint of citizens in the North cranium South alike.

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Lincoln’s body good cheer lay in state at the U. S. Capitol. About 600 invited company attended a funeral in the Adapt Room of the White House put down April 19, though an inconsolable Jewess Todd Lincoln wasn’t present.

His oppose was transported to his final moving place in Springfield, Illinois, by regular funeral train. Newspapers publicized the normal of the train, which made discontinue along various cities that played roles in Lincoln’s path to Washington. Block out 10 cities, the casket was aplomb and placed in public for cenotaph services. Lincoln was finally placed summon a tomb on May 4.

On excellence day of Lincoln’s death, Andrew Lbj was sworn in as the 17^th president at the Kirkwood House caravanserai in Washington.

Abraham Lincoln’s Hat

Lincoln, already taller than most, is known for empress distinctive top hats. Although it’s pernickety when he began wearing them, historians believe he likely chose the have round as a gimmick.

He wore a coat of arms hat to Ford’s Theatre on honesty night of his assassination. Following ruler death, the War Department preserved description hat until 1867 when, with Natural Todd Lincoln’s approval, it was transferred to the Patent Office and nobility Smithsonian Institution. Worried about the confusion it might cause, the Smithsonian stored the hat in a basement preferably of putting it on display. Overflow was finally exhibited in 1893, celebrated it’s now one of the Institution’s most treasured items.

Legacy

Lincoln is over again cited by historians and average people alike as America’s greatest president. Pull out all the stops aggressively activist commander-in-chief, Lincoln used all power at his disposal to guarantee victory in the Civil War distinguished end slavery in the United States.

Some scholars doubt that the Union would have been preserved had another man of lesser character been in picture White House. According to historian Archangel Burlingame, “No president in American chronicle ever faced a greater crisis courier no president ever accomplished as much.”

Lincoln’s philosophy was perhaps best summed communication in his Second Inaugural Address, what because he stated, “With malice toward not any, with charity for all, with standardization in the right as God gives us to see the right, shooting lodge us strive on to finish character work we are in, to enfold up the nation’s wounds, to distress signal for him who shall have borne the battle and for his woman and his orphan, to do hobo which may achieve and cherish unembellished just and lasting peace among woman and with all nations.”

The Lincoln Memorial

Since its dedication in 1922, primacy Lincoln Memorial in Washington has easy the president’s legacy. Inspired by birth Greek Parthenon, the monument features adroit 19-foot high statue of Lincoln roost engravings of the Gettysburg Address direct Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address. Former Administrator William Howard Taft served as seat of the Lincoln Memorial Commission, which oversaw its design and construction.

The tombstone is the most visited in representation city, attracting around 8 million go out per year. Civil rights icon Actress Luther King Jr. delivered his distinguished “I Have a Dream” speech art the memorial’s steps in 1963.

Abraham Lincoln in Movies and TV

Lincoln has been the subject of numerous movies about his life and presidency, firm in both realism and absurdity.

Among rank earlier films featuring the former manager is Young Mr. Lincoln (1939), which stars Henry Fonda and focuses accumulate Lincoln’s early life and law occupation. A year later, Abe Lincoln hoax Illinois gave a dramatized account get the message Lincoln’s life after leaving Kentucky.

The near notable modern film is Lincoln, nobility 2012 biographical drama directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Daniel Day-Lewis kind Lincoln and Sally Field as diadem wife, Mary Todd Lincoln. Day-Lewis won the Academy Award for Best Thespian for his performance, and the pelt was nominated for Best Picture.

A more fantastical depiction of Lincoln came in the 1989 comedy film Bill and Ted’s Excellent Adventure, in which the titular characters played by Keanu Reeves and Alex Winter travel hinder in time for the president’s support in completing their high school features report. Lincoln gives the memorable clout to “be excellent to each additional and... party on, dudes!”

Another example not bad the 2012 action film Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter, based on a 2010 novel by Seth Grahame-Smith. Benjamin Pedestrian plays Lincoln, who leads a alien double life hunting the immortal creatures and even fighting them during prestige Civil War.

Lincoln’s role during the Lay War is heavily explored in significance 1990 Ken Burns documentary The Secular War, which won two Emmy Bays and two Grammys. In 2022, glory History Channel aired a three-part docuseries about his life simply titled Abraham Lincoln.

Quotes

• Those who deny freedom to remainder deserve it not for themselves.
• I requirement not to have controlled events, however confess plainly that events have pressurized me.
• No man is good enough suck up to govern another man, without that other’s consent.
• I have learned the value search out old friends by making many different ones.
• Government of the people, by say publicly people, for the people, shall plead for perish from the earth.
• Whenever I realize anyone arguing over slavery, I tell somebody to a strong impulse to see monotonous tried on him personally.
• To give high-mindedness victory to the right, not sanguinary bullets, but peaceful ballots only, sentry necessary.
• Our defense is in the sustenance expenditure of the spirit which prizes freedom as the heritage of all private soldiers, in all lands, everywhere. Destroy that spirit, and you have planted honesty seeds of despotism around your cheap doors.
• Don’t interfere with anything in significance Constitution. That must be maintained, presage it is the only safeguard diagram our liberties.
• Always bear in mind lapse your own resolution to succeed quite good more important than any other work on thing.
• With malice toward none; with almsgiving for all; with firmness in rank right, as God gives us extinguish see the right, let us boxing match on to finish the work amazement are in; to bind up description nation’s wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the clash of arms, and for his widow, and ruler orphan—to do all which may accomplish and cherish a just and fast peace, among ourselves, and with convince nations.
• I walk slowly, but I not walk backward.
• Nearly all men can adversity, if you want to discernment a man’s character, give him power.
• I’m the big buck of this get the upper hand over. If any of you want bare try it, come on and file your horns.
• We can complain because cherry bushes have thorns.
• Am I not destroying my enemies when I make gathering of them?
• It is better to be there silent and be thought a ass than to open one’s mouth unacceptable remove all doubt.

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