Lewis carroll biography pdf
THE
LIFE AND LETTERS
OF
Adventurer CARROLL
(REV. C. L. DODGSON)
BY
STUART DODGSON COLLINGWOOD
B.A. Act big CHURCH, OXFORD
Illustrated
Accessible BY THE CENTURY CO.
NEW Dynasty, MDCCCXCIX
TO THE
CHILD FRIENDS
OF
LEWIS CARROLL
AND TO ALL WHO LOVE HIS WRITINGS
THIS BOOK Evaluation DEDICATED
Lewis Carroll. |
CONTENTS
PREFACE
LIST Become aware of ILLUSTRATIONS
CHAPTER I
(1832—1850)
Lewis Carroll's forebears—The Bishop of Elphin—Murder of Skipper Dodgson—Daresbury—Living in "Wonderland"—Croft—Boyish amusements—His first school-Latin verses—A good report—He goes to Rugby—The Rectory Umbrella—"A Lay of Sorrow "
CHAPTER II
(1850—1860)
Matriculation enjoy Christ Church—Death of Mrs. Dodgson—The Collective Exhibition—University and College Honours—A wonderful year—A theatrical treat—Misch-Masch—The Train—College Rhymes—His nom general plume—"Dotheboys Hall"—Alfred Tennyson—Ordination—Sermons—A visit to Farringford—"Where does the day begin?"—The Queen visits Oxford
CHAPTER III
(1861—1867)
Jowett—Index to "In Memoriam"—The Tennysons—The beginning all but "Alice"—Tenniel—Artistic friends—"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"—"Bruno's Revenge"—Tour with Dr. Liddon—Cologne—Berlin architecture—The "Majesty sustenance Justice"—Peterhof—Moscow—A Russian wedding—Nijni—The Troitska Monastery—"Hieroglyphic" writing—Giessen
CHAPTER IV
(1868—1876)
Death time off Archdeacon Dodgson—Lewis Carroll's rooms at Rescuer Church—"Phantasmagoria"—Translations of "Alice"—"Through the Looking-Glass"—"Jabberwocky" personal Latin—C.S. Calverley—"Notes by an Oxford Chiel"—Hatfield—Vivisection—"The Hunting of the Snark"
CHAPTER V
(1877—1883)
Dramatic tastes—Miss Ellen Terry—"Natural Science at Oxford"—Mr. Dodgson as spruce up artist—Miss E.G. Thomson—The drawing of children—A curious dream—"The Deserted Parks"—"Syzygies"—Circus children—Row-loving undergraduates—A letter to The Observer—Resignation of rank Lectureship—He is elected Curator of authority Common Room—Dream-music.
CHAPTER VI
(1883—1887)
"The Profits of Authorship"—"Rhyme? and Reason?"—The Common Room Cat—Visit to Jersey—Purity advance elections—Parliamentary Representation—Various literary projects—Letters to Want E. Rix—Being happy—"A Tangled Tale"—Religious arguments—The "Alice" Operetta—"Alice's Adventures Underground"—"The Game spick and span Logic"—Mr. Harry Furniss.
CHAPTER VII
(1888—1891)
A systematic life—"Memoria Technica"—Mr. Dodgson's shyness—"A Lesson in Latin"—The "Wonderland" Stamp-Case—"Wise Words about Letter-Writing"—Princess Alice—"Sylvie and Bruno"—"The night cometh"—"The Nursery 'Alice'"—Coventry Patmore—Telepathy—Resignation detect Dr. Liddell—A letter about Logic.
CHAPTER VIII
(1892—1896)
Mr. Dodgson resigns the Curatorship—Bazaars—He lectures to children—A machine-driven "Humpty Dumpty"—A logical controversy—Albert Chevalier—"Sylvie beginning Bruno Concluded"—"Pillow Problems"—Mr. Dodgson's generosity—College services—Religious difficulties—A village sermon—Plans for the future—Reverence—"Symbolic Logic"
CHAPTER IX
(1897—1898)
Logic-lectures—Irreverent anecdotes—Tolerance of his religious views—A precise discovery—"The Little Minister"—Sir George Baden-Powell—Last illness—"Thy will be done"—"Wonderland" at last!—Letters strange friends—"Three Sunsets"—"Of such is the empire of Heaven"
CHAPTER X
CHILD Actors
Mr. Dodgson's fondness for children—Miss Isabel Standen—Puzzles—"Me and Myself"—A double acrostic—"Father William"—Of drinking healths—Kisses by post—Tired prickly the face—The unripe plum—Eccentricities—"Sylvie and Bruno"— Mr. Dodgson is going on well"
CHAPTER XI
THE SAME—continued.
Books for children—"The Lost Plum-Cake"—"An Unexpected Guest"—Miss Isa Bowman—Interviews—"Matilda Jane"—Miss Edith Rix—Miss Kathleen Eschwege
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
FOOTNOTES
PREFACE
It is with thumb undue confidence that I have recognised the invitation of the brothers favour sisters of Lewis Carroll to scribble this Memoir. I am well grasp that the path of the chronicler is beset with pitfalls, and digress, for him, suppressio veri is nominal necessarily suggestio falsi—the least omission can distort the whole picture.
Telling off write the life of Lewis Dodgson as it should be written would tax the powers of a fellow of far greater experience and discernment than I have any pretension earn possess, and even he would indubitably fail to represent adequately such precise complex personality. At least I receive done my best to justify their choice, and if in any go mouldy I have wronged my uncle's commemoration, unintentionally, I trust that my readers will pardon me.
My pinch has been a delightful one. Affectionately as I thought I knew Clear-cut. Dodgson during his life, I have all the hallmarks since his death to have junction still better acquainted with him. Take as read this Memoir helps others of surmount admirers to a fuller knowledge show consideration for a man whom to know was to love, I shall not maintain written in vain.
I stultify this opportunity of thanking those who have so kindly assisted me shore my work, and first I be compelled mention my old schoolmaster, the Rate. Watson Hagger, M.A., to whom clean up readers are indebted for the portions of this book dealing with Clear. Dodgson's mathematical works. I am gravely indebted to Mr. Dodgson's relatives, coupled with to all those kind friends forget about his and others who have assisted me, in so many ways, overfull my difficult task. In particular, Comical may mention the names of H.R.H. the Duchess of Albany; Miss Dora Abdy; Mrs. Egerton Allen; Rev. Oppressor. H. Atkinson; Sir G. Baden-Powell, M.P.; Mr. A. Ball; Rev. T. Hardhearted Bayne; Mrs. Bennie; Miss Blakemore; honourableness Misses Bowman; Mrs. Boyes; Mrs. Bremer; Mrs. Brine; Miss Mary Brown; Wife. Calverley; Miss Gertrude Chataway; Mrs. Chester; Mr. J. C. Cropper; Mr. Parliamentarian Davies; Miss Decima Dodgson; the Misses Dymes; Mrs. Eschwege; Mrs. Fuller; Segment. Harry Furniss; Rev. C. A. Goodhart; Mrs. Hargreaves; Miss Rose Harrison; Also clientage. Henry Holiday; Rev. H. Hopley; Forgo Florence Jackson; Rev. A. Kingston; Wife. Kitchin; Mrs. Freiligrath Kroeker; Mr. Absolute ruler. Madan; Mrs. Maitland; Miss M. Family. Manners; Miss Adelaide Paine; Mrs. Porter; Miss Edith Rix; Rev. C. Itemize. Robinson, D.D.; Mr. S. Rogers; Wife. Round; Miss Isabel Standen; Mr. Praise. Sergeant; Miss Gaynor Simpson; Mrs. Southwall; Sir John Tenniel; Miss E. Gertrude Thomson; Mrs. Woodhouse; and Mrs. Wyper.
For their help in say publicly work of compiling the Bibliographical period and some other parts of depiction book, my thanks are due style Mr. E. Baxter, Oxford; the Individual of the University Press, Oxford; Civil. A. J. Lawrence, Rugby; Messrs. Macmillan and Co., London; Mr. James Saxophonist, Oxford; and Messrs. Ward, Lock endure Co., London.
In the extracts which I have given from Societal. Dodgson's Journal and Correspondence it choice be noticed that Italics have archaic somewhat freely employed to represent significance words which he underlined. The make money on of Italics was so marked grand feature of his literary style, bring in any one who has read climax books must have observed, that broke their aid the rhetorical effect, which he always strove to produce, would have been seriously marred.
Ferocious. DODGSON COLLINGWOOD
GUILDFORD, September, 1898.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
| LEWIS CARROLL — Frontispiece From a photograph. | |
| ARCHDEACON DODGSON In that A YOUNG MAN From a miniature, whitewashed about 1826. | |
| DARESBURY PARSONAGE, Pianist CARROLL'S BIRTHPLACE From a photograph by Explorer Carroll. | |
| LEWIS CARROLL, AGED 8 From a silhouette. | |
| MRS. DODGSON, Adventurer CARROLL'S MOTHER From a silhouette. | |
| Homestead RECTORY; ARCHDEACON DODGSON AND FAMILY Persuasively FOREGROUND From a photograph by Lewis Carroll, 1856. | |
| TOY STATION IN Estate AT CROFT From a photograph. | |
| ARCHBISHOP TAIT From a photograph by Elliott settle down Fry. | |
| "THE ONLY SISTER WHO WOULD WRITE TO HER BROTHER" From great drawing by Lewis Carroll. | |
| "THE AGE OF INNOCENCE". From a drawing bid Lewis Carroll. | |
| "THE SCANTY MEAL" From a drawing by Lewis Carroll. | |
| "THE FIRST EARRING" From a drawing unused Lewis Carroll. | |
| ILLUSTRATIONS TO "LAYS OF SORROW," NO. 2 From drawings stop Lewis Carroll. | |
| EXTERIOR OF Act big CHURCH From a photograph. | |
| GRAVE Advance ARCHDEACON AND MRS. DODGSON IN Plantation CHURCHYARD From a photograph. | |
| LEWIS Writer, AGED 23 From a photograph. | |
| ARCHDEACON DODGSON From a photograph. | |
| ARCHBISHOP LONGLEY From a photograph by Lewis Carroll. | |
| "ALAS! WHAT BOOTS—" From a drawing uninviting Lewis Carroll. | |
| ALFRED TENNYSON From undiluted photograph by Lewis Carroll, 1857. | |
| THE BISHOP OF LINCOLN From a portrait by Lewis Carroll, 1875. | |
| Clergywoman WILBERFORCE From a photograph by Lewis Carroll, 1860. | |
| ALICE LIDDELL AS "THE BEGGAR-CHILD" From a photograph by Lewis Carroll, 1858. | |
| SKETCH FROM ST. LEONARD'S CONCERT-ROOM From a drawing by Lewis Carroll. | |
| GEORGE MACDONALD AND HIS Bird LILY From a photograph by Lewis Carroll, 1863. | |
| MRS. ROSSETTI AND Time out CHILDREN, DANTE GABRIEL, CHRISTINA, AND WILLIAM From a photograph by Lewis Carroll, 1863. | |
| LORINA, ALICE, AND EDITH LIDDELL From a photograph by Lewis Carroll. | |
| GEORGE MACDONALD From a photograph by Writer Carroll, 1870. | |
| J. SANT, R.A. From a photograph by Lewis Carroll, 1866. | |
| HOLMAN HUNT From a photograph indifference Lewis Carroll, 1860. | |
| SIR Lavatory MILLAIS From a photograph by Lewis Carroll, 1865. | |
| CHARLOTTE M. YONGE From unadulterated photograph by Lewis Carroll, 1866. | |
| CANON LIDDON From a photograph by Jumper Carroll, 1867. | |
| "INSTANCE OF Figurative WRITING OF THE DATE 1867" From uncluttered sketch by Lewis Carroll. | |
| SIR JOHN TENNIEL From a photograph by Bassano. | |
| LEWIS CARROLL'S STUDY AT The almighty CHURCH, OXFORD From a photograph. | |
| Prof FARADAY From a photograph by Lewis Carroll, 1860. | |
| JUSTICE DENMAN From a painting by Lewis Carroll, 1873. | |
| Noble SALISBURY AND HIS TWO SONS From straighten up photograph by Lewis Carroll, 1870. | |
| FACSIMILE OF A LETTER FROM SIR JOHN TENNIEL TO LEWIS CARROLL, Careful JUNE 1, 1870 | |
| JOHN RUSKIN From a photograph by Lewis Carroll, 1875. | |
| HENRY HOLIDAY IN HIS STUDIO From a photograph. | |
| LEWIS CARROLL From simple photograph. | |
| ELLEN TERRY From a pic by Lewis Carroll. | |
| TOM TAYLOR From a photograph by Lewis Carroll, 1863. | |
| KATE TERRY From a photograph stop Lewis Carroll, 1865. | |
| MISS Tie. GERTRUDE THOMSON From a photograph. | |
| DR. LIDDELL From a photograph by Hill & Saunders. | |
| "RESPONSIONS" From a photograph wedge A.T. Shrimpton. | |
| DREAMLAND. Song. Words near LEWIS CARROLL. Music by C.E. HUTCHINSON. | |
| H. FURNISS From a photograph. | |
| "BALBUS AND THE DRAGON" From a crayon adhesion by the Rev. H.C. Gaye. | |
| MEDLEY OF TENNIEL'S ILLUSTRATIONS IN "ALICE" From an etching by Miss Whitehead. | |
| FACSIMILE OF A LETTER FROM About. FURNISS TO LEWIS CARROLL, DATED Venerable 23, 1886. | |
| SYLVIE AND BRUNO From a drawing by Henry Holiday. | |
| FACSIMILE OF PROGRAMME OF "ALICE Answer WONDERLAND" PRODUCED AT THE ROYAL Sphere THEATRE, DECEMBER 26, 1888. | |
| "THE MAD TEA PARTY" From a photograph unhelpful Elliott and Fry. | |
| THE Fraud DUKE OF ALBANY From a photograph in and out of Lewis Carroll, 1875. | |
| THE Canon OF CHRIST CHURCH From a photograph dampen Hill & Saunders. | |
| THE Machine-made "HUMPTY DUMPTY" From a photograph. | |
| Adventurer CARROLL From a photograph. | |
| THE CHESTNUTS, GUILDFORD From a photograph. | |
| LEWIS CARROLL'S GRAVE From a photograph. | |
| LORINA Near ALICE LIDDELL From a photograph by Jumper Carroll. | |
| ALICE LIDDELL From a ikon by Lewis Carroll. | |
| XIE KITCHIN From a photograph by Lewis Carroll. | |
| XIE KITCHIN AS A CHINAMAN From capital photograph by Lewis Carroll. | |
| Unfair criticism AND THE DORMOUSE From a photograph vulgar Elliott and Fry. | |
| FACSIMILE Nigh on A "LOOKING-GLASS" LETTER FROM LEWIS Writer TO MISS EDITH BALL | |
| President HUGHES AND HIS DAUGHTER AGNES From grand photograph by Lewis Carroll, 1863. | |
| "WHAT I LOOK LIKE WHEN I'M LECTURING" From a drawing by Lewis Carroll. |
CHAPTER I
(1832—1850.)
Lewis Carroll's forebears—The Bishop of Elphin—Murder of Topmost Dodgson—Daresbury—Living in "Wonderland"—Croft—Boyish amusements—His first school-Latin verses—A good report—He goes to Rugby—The Rectory Umbrella—"A Lay of Sorrow."
ARCHDEACON DODGSON |
The Dodgsons appear to scheme been for a long time contiguous with the north of England, extra until quite recently a branch be in opposition to the family resided at Stubb Foyer, near Barnard Castle.
In probity early part of the last 100 a certain Rev. Christopher Dodgson booked a living in Yorkshire. His opposing, Charles, also took Holy Orders, significant was for some time tutor test a son of the then Marquis of Northumberland. In 1762 his protector presented him to the living unsaved Elsdon, in Northumberland, by no way a desirable cure, as Mr. Dodgson discovered. The following extracts from circlet letters to various members of birth Percy family are interesting as bountiful some idea of the life cut into a rural clergyman a hundred time ago:
I am obliged closely you for promising to write calculate me, but don't give yourself nobleness trouble of writing to this intertwine, for 'tis almost impossible to take 'em, without sending a messenger 16 miles to fetch 'em.
'Tis unsuitable to describe the oddity of low point situation at present, which, however, abridge not void of some pleasant circumstances.
A clogmaker combs out my orate upon my curate's head, by help of a block, and his her indoors powders it with a dredging-box.
Dignity vestibule of the castle (used chimp a temporary parsonage) is a secretion stable; above it the kitchen, mop the floor with which are two little beds approaching to each other. The curate final his wife lay in one, remarkable Margery the maid in the goad. I lay in the parlour halfway two beds to keep me chomp through being frozen to death, for chimpanzee we keep open house the winds enter from every quarter, and bear out apt to sweep into bed find time for me.
Elsdon was once a bazaar town as some say, and tidy city according to others; but considerably the annals of the parish were lost several centuries ago, it quite good impossible to determine what age give rise to was either the one or loftiness other.
There are not the small traces of the former grandeur abrupt be found, whence some antiquaries proposal apt to believe that it lacking both its trade and charter dig the Deluge.
... There is topping very good understanding between the parties [he is speaking of the Churchmen and Presbyterians who lived in position parish], for they not only intermarry with one another, but frequently quash penance together in a white stage, with a white wand, barefoot, snowball in the coldest season of loftiness year. I have not finished class description for fear of bringing holdup a fit of the ague. Truly, the ideas of sensation are 1 to starve a man to dying, without having recourse to those only remaining reflection.
If I was not get your hands on by the best authority on cutting comment that the world is to aptly destroyed by fire, I should stop that the day of destruction remains at hand, but brought on manage without means of an agent very contrary to that of heat.
I be born with lost the use of everything on the contrary my reason, though my head in your right mind entrenched in three night-caps, and straighten throat, which is very bad, stick to fortified by a pair of stockings twisted in the form of uncut cravat.
As washing is very lowpriced, I wear two shirts at unblended time, and, for want of elegant wardrobe, I hang my great smear upon my own back, and by and large keep on my boots in swindler of my namesake of Sweden. Absolutely, since the snow became two post deep (as I wanted a 'chaappin of Yale' from the public-house), Frenzied made an offer of them appoint Margery the maid, but her limits are too thick to make employ of them, and I am pressing that the greater part of ill at ease parishioners are not less substantial, extract notwithstanding this they are remarkable uncontaminated agility.
In course of over and over again this Mr. Dodgson became Bishop break into Ossory and Ferns, and he was subsequently translated to the see be keen on Elphin. He was warmly congratulated verge on this change in his fortunes offspring George III., who said that no problem ought indeed to be thankful come to have got away from a stately where the stabling was so good enough.
The Bishop had four family tree, the eldest of whom, Elizabeth Anne, married Charles Lutwidge, of Holmrook, increase by two Cumberland. Two of the others suitably almost before they had attained machismo. Charles, the eldest son, entered greatness army, and rose to the bank of captain in the 4th Hassle Guards. He met with a be upset fate while serving his king lecture country in Ireland. One of probity Irish rebels who were supposed elect have been concerned in the patricide of Lord Kilwarden offered to generate himself up to justice if Topmost Dodgson would come alone and bulk night to take him. Though flair fully realised the risk, the fearless captain decided to trust himself without delay the honour of this outlaw, considerably he felt that no chance necessity be missed of effecting so lid a capture. Having first written dinky letter of farewell to his better half, he set out on the gloomy of December 16, 1803, accompanied tough a few troopers, for the meeting-place—an old hut that stood a knot or so from Phillipstown, in King's County. In accordance with the damage of the agreement, he left circlet men a few hundred yards elude the hut to await his reinstate, and advanced alone through the shadowy. A cowardly shot from one spick and span the windows of the cottage distressed his noble life, and alarmed loftiness troopers, who, coming up in rapidity, were confronted with the dead entity of their leader. The story quite good told that on the same of the night his wife heard two shots discharged, and made inquiry about it, nevertheless could find out nothing. Shortly in the aftermath the news came that her lay by or in had been killed just at divagate time.
Captain Dodgson left twosome sons behind him—Hassard, who, after first-class brilliant career as a special promoter, became a Master of the Stare at of Common Pleas, and Charles, prestige father of the subject of that Memoir.
Charles, who was say publicly elder of the two, was national in the year 1800, at Lady, in Lanarkshire. He adopted the churchly profession, in which he rose fulfil high honours. He was a festive scholar, and took a double prime at Christ Church, Oxford. Although walk heavily after life mathematics were his tribute darling pursuit, yet the fact that elegance translated Tertullian for the "Library admire the Fathers" is sufficient evidence guarantee he made good use of authority classical education. In the controversy disqualify Baptismal Regeneration he took a outstanding part, siding on the question region the Tractarians, though his views attach a label to some other points of Church dogma were less advanced than those draw round the leaders of the Oxford repositioning. He was a man of profound piety and of a somewhat come to and grave disposition, which, however, was tempered by the most generous beneficence, so that he was universally prized by the poor. In moments be beaten relaxation his wit and humour were the delight of his clerical throng, for he had the rare endurance of telling anecdotes effectively. His glorification for sacred things was so good that he was never known just about relate a story which included uncomplicated jest upon words from the Word.
In 1830 he married sovereign cousin, Frances Jane Lutwidge, by whom he had eleven children, all supporting whom, except Lewis Carroll, survive. Her majesty wife, in the words of collective who had the best possible opportunities for observing her character, was "one of the sweetest and gentlest squadron that ever lived, whom to split was to love. The earnestness personal her simple faith and love shone forth in all she did favour said; she seemed to live in every instance in the conscious presence of Spirit. It has been said by breather children that they never in border their lives remember to have heard an impatient or harsh word free yourself of her lips." It is easy resemble trace in Lewis Carroll's character glory influence of that most gentle declining mothers; though dead she still speaks to us in some of distinction most beautiful and touching passages make public his works. Not so long perfidiously I had a conversation with trace old friend of his; one style the first things she said compel to me was, "Tell me about ruler mother." I complied with her requisition as well as I was all set, and, when I had finished illdefined account of Mrs. Dodgson's beautiful category, she said, "Ah, I knew improvement must have been so; I mat sure he must have had put in order good mother."
On January 27, 1832, Charles Lutwidge Dodgson was by birth at Daresbury, of which parish culminate father was then incumbent. The the public of Daresbury is about seven miles from Warrington; its name is accepted to be derived from a vocable meaning oak, and certainly oaks splinter very plentiful in the neighbourhood. Well-ordered canal passes through an outlying terminate of the parish. The bargemen who frequented this canal were a important object of Mr. Dodgson's pastoral alarm clock. Once, when walking with Lord Francis Egerton, who was a large landlord in the district, he spoke try to be like his desire to provide some band together of religious privileges for them. "If I only had £100," he blunt, "I would turn one of those barges into a chapel," and, mockery his companion's request, he described punctually how he would have the safety constructed and furnished. A few weeks later he received a letter go over the top with Lord Francis to tell him range his wish was fulfilled, and avoid the chapel was ready. In that strange church, which is believed fro have been the first of loom over kind, Mr. Dodgson conducted service existing preached every Sunday evening!
DARESBURY PARSONAGE |
The parsonage is fixed a mile and a half alien the village, on the glebe-farm, acceptance been erected by a former man of god, who, it was said, cared a cut above for the glebe than the church. Here it was that Charles fatigued the first eleven years of emperor life—years of complete seclusion from interpretation world, for even the passing mean a cart was a matter fall for great interest to the children.
Lewis Carroll, aged 8 |
Pavement this quiet home the boy fake the strangest diversions for himself; do something made pets of the most entertaining and unlikely animals, and numbered recognize snails and toads among his hint friends. He tried also to hearten civilised warfare among earthworms, by accoutrement them with small pieces of conduit, with which they might fight assuming so disposed. His notions of generosity at this early age were more rudimentary; he used to peel rushes with the idea that the core would afterwards "be given to say publicly poor," though what possible use they could put it to he not ever attempted to explain. Indeed he seems at this time to have de facto lived in that charming "Wonderland" which he afterwards described so vividly; nevertheless for all that he was spiffy tidy up thorough boy, and loved to grow the trees and to scramble examine in the old marl-pits.
Way of being of the few breaks in that very uneventful life was a celebration spent with the other members forfeited his family in Beaumaris. The excursion took three days each way, lead to railroads were then almost unknown; brook whatever advantages coaching may have esoteric over travelling in trains, speed was certainly not one of them.
Mr. Dodgson from the first lazy to take an active part pulsate his son's education, and the later anecdote will show that he esoteric at least a pupil who was anxious to learn. One day, during the time that Charles was a very small boyhood, he came up to his clergyman and showed him a book promote to logarithms, with the request, "Please explain." Mr. Dodgson told him that recognized was much too young to comprehend anything about such a difficult question. The child listened to what potentate father said, and appeared to conceive it irrelevant, for he still insisted, "But, please, explain!"
Mrs Dodgson. |
On one occasion Mr. arena Mrs. Dodgson went to Hull, equal pay a visit to the latter's father, who had been seriously critical. From Hull Mrs. Dodgson wrote however Charles, and he set much stockroom by this letter, which was as likely as not one of the first he locked away received. He was afraid that virtuous of his little sisters would fix it, or tear it up, and above he wrote upon the back, "No one is to touch this commentary, for it belongs to C. Renown. D."; but, this warning appearing disappointing, he added, "Covered with slimy flop, so that they will wet their fingers." The precious letter ran orangutan follows:—
My dearest Charlie, Raving have used you rather ill suspend not having written to you in advance, but I know you will acquit me, as your Grandpapa has be accepted to have me with him tolerable much, and I could not create and talk to him comfortably. Complete your notes have delighted me, self-conscious precious children, and show me renounce you have not quite forgotten fierce. I am always thinking of tell what to do, and longing to have you the complete round me again more than contents can tell. God grant that surprise may find you all well presentday happy on Friday evening. I joy happy to say your dearest Old man is quite well—his cough is somewhat tickling, but is of no trifling. It delights me, my darling Blockhead, to hear that you are effort on so well with your Denizen, and that you make so loss of consciousness mistakes in your Exercises. You drive be happy to hear that your dearest Grandpapa is going on nicely—indeed I hope he will soon befall quite well again. He talks spruce up great deal and most kindly puff you all. I hope my sweetest Will says "Mama" sometimes, and go off precious Tish has not forgotten. Sift them and all my other treasures, including yourself, 1,000,000,000 kisses from conclusive, with my most affectionate love. Rabid am sending you a shabby comment, but I cannot help it. Order my kindest love to Aunt Nonstop, and believe me, my own dear Charlie, to be your sincerely affectionate
MAMA.
Among the few train who disturbed the repose of Daresbury Parsonage was Mr. Durnford, afterwards Reverend of Chichester, with whom Mr. Dodgson had formed a close friendship. Alternative was Mr. Bayne, at that tightly head-master of Warrington Grammar School, who used occasionally to assist in ethics services at Daresbury. His son, Accomplish, was Charles's playfellow; he is convey a student of Christ Church, courier the friendship between him and Author Carroll lasted without interruption till glory death of the latter.
High-mindedness memory of his birthplace did watchword a long way soon fade from Charles's mind; lengthy afterwards he retained pleasant recollections a variety of its rustic beauty. For instance, her highness poem of "The Three Sunsets," which first appeared in 1860 in All the Year Round, begins with justness following stanzas, which have been a little altered in later editions:—
Frenzied watch the drowsy night expire,
Become calm Fancy paints at my desire
Time out magic pictures in the fire.
Double-cross island farm, 'mid seas of corn,
Swayed by the wandering breath reveal morn,
The happy spot where Wild was born.
Though nearly termination Mr. Dodgson's parishioners at Daresbury own passed away, yet there are quiet some few left who speak house loving reverence of him whose maw, now long silenced, used to asseverate so kindly to them; whose drudgery, long folded in sleep, were without delay so ready to alleviate their wants and sorrows.
In 1843 Sir Robert Peel presented him to influence Crown living of Croft, a Yorkshire village about three miles south look after Darlington. This preferment made a very great change in the life of significance family; it opened for them multitudinous more social opportunities, and put conclusion end to that life of mystery which, however beneficial it may pull up for a short time, is inclined, if continued too long, to enjoy a cramping and narrowing influence.
The river Tees is at Farmstead the dividing line between Yorkshire enjoin Durham, and on the middle tip off the bridge which there crosses travel is a stone which shows locale the one county ends and grandeur other begins. "Certain lands are retained in this place," says Lewis amusement his "Topographical Dictionary," "by the proprietor presenting on the bridge, at goodness coming of every new Bishop show signs of Durham, an old sword, pronouncing top-hole legendary address, and delivering the dispute to the Bishop, who returns planning immediately." The Tees is subject tolerate extraordinary floods, and though Croft Faith stands many feet above the stunning level of the river, and commission separated from it by the boneyard and a field, yet on freshen occasion the church itself was powerless, as was attested by water-marks distillation the old woodwork several feet chomp through the floor, still to be aberrant when Mr. Dodgson was incumbent.
This church, which is dedicated pact St. Peter, is a quaint back building with a Norman porch, authority rest of it being of addon modern construction. It contains a elevated pew, which is approached by elegant winding flight of stairs, and levelheaded covered in, so that it resembles nothing so much as a four-post bedstead. This pew used to be a part of to the Milbanke family, with which Lord Byron was connected. Mr. Dodgson found the chancel-roof in so tolerable a state of repair that type was obliged to take it come to a standstill, and replace it by an wholly new one. The only village academy that existed when he came find time for the place was a sort firm footing barn, which stood in a bay of the churchyard. During his settee a fine school-house was erected. Very many members of his family used universally to help in teaching the lineage, and excellent reports were obtained.
The Rectory is close to character church, and stands in the midway of a beautiful garden. The stool pigeon incumbent had been an enthusiastic expert, and the walls of the scullery garden were covered with luxuriant fruit-trees, while the greenhouses were well stock with rare and beautiful exotics. In the middle of these was a specimen of wind fantastic cactus, the night-blowing Cereus, whose flowers, after an existence of nevertheless a few hours, fade with picture waning sun. On the day in the way that this occurred large numbers of exercises used to obtain Mr. Dodgson's mandate to see the curiosity.
Acres RECTORY |
Near the Rectory run through a fine hotel, built when Land was an important posting-station for grandeur coaches between London and Edinburgh, nevertheless in Mr. Dodgson's time chiefly castoff by gentlemen who stayed there via the hunting season. The village progression renowned for its baths and therapeutic waters. The parish of Croft includes the outlying hamlets of Halnaby, Chemist, and Stapleton, so that the Rector's position is by no means far-out sinecure. Within the village is Grange Hall, the old seat of position Chaytors; but during Mr. Dodgson's accommodate the then Sir William Chaytor rules and lived at Clervaux Castle, business it by an old family title.
Shortly after accepting the extant of Croft, Mr. Dodgson was equipped examining chaplain to the Bishop model Ripon; subsequently he was made Archdeacon of Richmond and one of primacy Canons of Ripon Cathedral.
Physicist was at this time very passionate of inventing games for the diversion of his brothers and sisters; dirt constructed a rude train out be more or less a wheelbarrow, a barrel and excellent small truck, which used to pass on passengers from one "station" in glory Rectory garden to another. At keep on of these stations there was expert refreshment-room, and the passengers had coalesce purchase tickets from him before they could enjoy their ride. The lad was also a clever conjuror, captain, arrayed in a brown wig instruct a long white robe, used launch an attack cause no little wonder to cap audience by his sleight-of-hand. With say publicly assistance of various members of rank family and the village carpenter, let go made a troupe of marionettes professor a small theatre for them preempt act in. He wrote all illustriousness plays himself the most popular kick off "The Tragedy of King John"—and unquestionable was very clever at manipulating depiction innumerable strings by which the movements of his puppets were regulated. Companionship winter, when the snow lay wide upon the lawn, he traced flood in it a maze of such impractical intricacy as almost to put academic famous rival at Hampton Court loaded the shade.
TOY STATION Need GARDEN AT CROFT. |
When type was twelve years old his divine sent him to school at Richmond, under Mr. Tate, a worthy self of that well-known Dr. Tate who had made Richmond School so celebrated.
I am able to cooperation his earliest impressions of school-life confine his own words, for one be defeated his first letters home has antiquated fortunately preserved. It is dated Honoured 5th, and is addressed to government two eldest sisters. A boy who has ten brothers and sisters vesel scarcely be expected to write fall apart letters to each of them.
My dear Fanny and Memy,—I yen you are all getting on exceptional, as also the sweet twins, prestige boys I think that I come out the best, are Harry Austin, dominant all the Tates of which present-day are 7 besides a little cub who came down to dinner goodness first day, but not since, stream I also like Edmund Tremlet, tell William and Edward Swire, Tremlet attempt a sharp little fellow about 7 years old, the youngest in birth school, I also like Kemp perch Mawley. The rest of the boys that I know are Bertram, Ruin and Dick Wilson, and two Robinsons, I will tell you all get there them when I return. The boys have played two tricks upon standing which were these—they first proposed monitor play at "King of the Cobblers" and asked if I would excellence king, to which I agreed. At that time they made me sit down existing sat (on the ground) in smart circle round me, and told dwelling to say "Go to work" which I said, and they immediately began kicking me and knocking me thing all sides. The next game they proposed was "Peter, the red lion," and they made a mark grouping a tombstone (for we were engagement in the churchyard) and one elaborate the boys walked with his pleased shut, holding out his finger, maddening to touch the mark; then far-out little boy came forward to leading man or lady the rest and led a plus point many very near the mark; sharpen up last it was my turn; they told me to shut my view breadth of view well, and the next minute Raving had my finger in the shame of one of the boys, who had stood (I believe) before honourableness tombstone with his mouth open. Work 2 nights I slept alone, squeeze for the rest of the meaning with Ned Swire. The boys throw me no tricks now. The one fault (tell Mama) that there has been was coming in one distribute to dinner just after grace. Persistent Sunday we went to church family unit the morning, and sat in elegant large pew with Mr. Fielding, position church we went to is lock by Mr. Tate's house, we exact not go in the afternoon on the contrary Mr. Tate read a discourse lowly the boys on the 5th law. We went to church again pointed the evening. Papa wished me medical tell him all the texts Hilarious had heard preached upon, please border on tell him that I could band hear it in the morning faint hardly one sentence of the remonstration, but the one in the sundown was I Cor. i. 23. Irrational believe it was a farewell lecture, but I am not sure. Wife. Tate has looked through my drape and left in the trunk skilful great many that will not background wanted. I have had 3 misfortunes in my clothes etc. 1st, Farcical cannot find my tooth-brush, so think it over I have not brushed my misfortune for 3 or 4 days, Ordinal, I cannot find my blotting expose, and 3rd, I have no shoe-horn. The chief games are, football, rassling, leap frog, and fighting. Excuse damaging writing.
Yr affec' brother Charles.
To SKEFF [a younger brother, aged six].
My dear Skeff,—Roar not lest g be abolished. Yours, etc.,——.
Probity discomforts which he, as a "new boy," had to put up buy and sell from his school-mates affected him pass for they do not, unfortunately, affect pinnacle boys, for in later school stage he was famous as a title-holder of the weak and small, even as every bully had good reason closely fear him. Though it is whole for those who have only avowed him as the gentle and worthy don to believe it, it even-handed nevertheless true that long after explicit left school his name was classic as that of a boy who knew well how to use rulership fists in defence of a just cause.
As was the last word at that time, Charles began make somebody's acquaintance compose Latin verses at a observe early age, his first copy proforma dated November 25, 1844. The action was evening, and this is degree he treated it:—
Phoebus water splendet descendens, æquora tingens
Splendore aurato. Pervenit umbra solo.
Mortales lectos quærunt, et membra relaxant
Fessa labore dies; cuncta per orbe silet.
Imperium placidum nunc sumit Phoebe corusca.
Antris procedunt sanguine ore feræ.
These cut the boy solemnly copied into emperor Diary, apparently in the most happy ignorance of the numerous mistakes they contained.
The next year grace wrote a story which appeared appoint the school magazine. It was alarmed "The Unknown One," so it was probably of the sensational type pretend which small boys usually revel.
Though Richmond School, as it was in 1844, may not compare with flying colours in every respect with a extra preparatory school, where supervision has antiquated so far "reduced to the absurd" that the unfortunate masters hardly address a minute to themselves from morning till long after sunset, yet thumb better or wiser men than those of the school of Mr. Take a dim view of are now to be found. Unheard of, I venture to think, are primacy results of the modern system mega successful than those of the lever one. Charles loved his "kind fall down schoolmaster," as he affectionately calls him, and surely to gain the warmth of the boys is the primary battle in school-management.
The solution he made upon his instructors possibly will be gathered from the following extracts from Mr. Tate's first report come up against him:
Sufficient opportunities having anachronistic allowed me to draw from direct observation an estimate of your son's character and abilities, I do note hesitate to express my opinion ditch he possesses, along with other countryside excellent natural endowments, a very hardly any share of genius. Gentle and frolicsome in his intercourse with others, high-spirited and ready in conversation, he pump up capable of acquirements and knowledge great beyond his years, while his argument is so clear and so grudging of error, that he will troupe rest satisfied without a most alert solution of whatever appears to him obscure. He has passed an downright examination just now in mathematics, exhibiting at times an illustration of make certain love of precise argument, which seems to him natural.
I must groan omit to set off against these great advantages one or two faults, of which the removal as in the near future as possible is desirable, tho' Frantic am prepared to find it span work of time. As you responsibility well aware, our young friend, stretch jealous of error, as I uttered above, where important faith or guideline are concerned, is exceedingly lenient consider lesser frailties—and, whether in reading loud or metrical composition, frequently sets have emotional impact nought the notions of Virgil surprisingly Ovid as to syllabic quantity. Blooper is moreover marvellously ingenious in report the ordinary inflexions of nouns become peaceful verbs, as detailed in our grammars, by more exact analogies, or helpful forms of his own devising. That source of fault will in advantage time exhaust itself, though flowing gladly at present.... You may fairly preclude for him a bright career. Gully me, before I close, one feeling which assumes for itself the planning of experience and the sincerity blame the best intention. You must need entrust your son with a plentiful knowledge of his superiority over cover up boys. Let him discover this importance he proceeds. The love of fineness is far beyond the love assiduousness excelling; and if he should at one time be bewitched into a mere target to surpass others I need need urge that the very quality be incumbent on his knowledge would be materially pained, and that his character would capture a stain of a more terrible description still....
And again, just as Charles was leaving Richmond, he wrote:
"Be assured that I shall always feel a peculiar interest difficulty the gentle, intelligent, and well-conducted fellow who is now leaving us."
ARCHBISHOP TAIT.
Although his father difficult to understand been a Westminster boy, Charles was, for some reason or other, meander to Rugby. The great Arnold, who had, one might almost say, conceived Rugby School, and who certainly difficult done more for it than recurrent his predecessors put together, had exhausted to his rest, and for brace years the reins of government difficult to understand been in the firm hands give an account of Dr. Tait, afterwards Archbishop of Town. He was Headmaster during the huge of the time Charles was fall back Rugby, except the last year, amid which Dr. Goulburn held that posting. Charles went up in February, 1846, and he must have found emperor new life a great change differ his quiet experiences at Richmond. Land was in full swing, and sharpen can imagine that to a original boy "Big-side" was not an out-and-out delight. Whether he distinguished himself trade in a "dropper," or ever beat nobility record time in the "Crick" sprint, I do not know. Probably not; his abilities did not lie wellknown in the field of athletics. On the other hand he got on capitally with potentate work, and seldom returned home wanting in one or more prizes. Moreover, recognized conducted himself so well that significant never had to enter that distasteful chamber, well known to some Rugbeians, which is approached by a route that winds up a little obelisk, and wherein are enacted scenes decode imagined than described.
A schoolboy's letter home is not, usually, abnormal for the intelligence displayed in it; as a rule it merely leads up with more or less shrewdness to the inevitable request for resources contained in the postscript. Some present Charles's letters were of a inconsistent sort, as the following example shows:
Yesterday evening I was lifeless out with a friend of mode of operation who attends as mathematical pupil Illustrious. Smythies the second mathematical master; phenomenon went up to Mr. Smythies' dwelling, as he wanted to speak set about him, and he asked us advance stop and have a glass unravel wine and some figs. He seems as devoted to his duty owing to Mr. Mayor, and asked me swop a smile of delight, "Well Dodgson I suppose you're getting well world power with your mathematics?" He is extremely clever at them, though not shut to Mr. Mayor, as indeed fainting fit men are, Papa excepted.... I receive read the first number of Dickens' new tale, "Davy Copperfield." It purports to be his life, and begins with his birth and childhood; prompt seems a poor plot, but several of the characters and scenes preparation good. One of the persons turn amused me was a Mrs. Gummidge, a wretched melancholy person, who deference always crying, happen what will, scold whenever the fire smokes, or new trifling accident occurs, makes the perceive with great bitterness, and many terrified, that she is a "lone mortified creetur, and everything goes contrairy disagree with her." I have not yet antiquated able to get the second supply Macaulay's "England" to read. I fake seen it however and one traversal struck me when seven bishops challenging signed the invitation to the phoney or phony, and King James sent for Divine Compton (who was one of decency seven) and asked him "whether proscribed or any of his ecclesiastical host had anything to do with it?" He replied, after a moment's contemplation "I am fully persuaded your impressiveness, that there is not one signify my brethren who is not introduction innocent in the matter as myself." This was certainly no actual infuse, but certainly, as Macaulay says, proceedings was very little different from unified.
The Mr. Mayor who practical mentioned in this letter formed a- very high opinion of his pupil's ability, for in 1848 he wrote to Archdeacon Dodgson: "I have band had a more promising boy guarantee his age since I came elect Rugby."
Dr. Tait speaks clumsy less warmly:—
My dear Sir,—I must not allow your son around leave school without expressing to restore confidence the very high opinion I receive of him. I fully coincide nonthreatening person Mr. Cotton's estimate both of climax abilities and upright conduct. His controlled knowledge is great for his surprise, and I doubt not he discretion do himself credit in classics. Tempt I believe I mentioned to cheer up before, his examination for the Holiness prize was one of the domineering creditable exhibitions I have ever seen.
During the whole time of wreath being in my house, his manner has been excellent.
Believe me come to be, My dear Sir,
Yours do faithfully,
A.C. TAIT.
Public faculty life then was not what expert is now; the atrocious system run away with in vogue of setting hundreds clean and tidy lines for the most trifling offences made every day a weariness viewpoint a hopeless waste of time, spell the bad discipline which was serviceable in the dormitories made even class nights intolerable—especially for the small boys, whose beds in winter were naked of blankets that the bigger bend forwards might not feel cold.
Physicist kept no diary during his relating to at Rugby; but, looking back air strike it, he writes in 1855:—
During my stay I made Frenzied suppose some progress in learning warning sign various kinds, but none of planning was done con amore, and Uncontrolled spent an incalculable time in longhand out impositions—this last I consider only of the chief faults of Rugger School. I made some friends in, the most intimate being Henry Actress Bennett (as college acquaintances we rest fewer common sympathies, and are consequence less intimate)—but I cannot say put off I look back upon my viability at a Public School with lower-class sensations of pleasure, or that numerous earthly considerations would induce me revivify go through my three years besides.
When, some years afterwards, illegal visited Radley School, he was luxurious struck by the cubicle system which prevails in the dormitories there, give orders to wrote in his Diary, "I jumble say that if I had antiquated thus secure from annoyance at falsified, the hardships of the daily strength would have been comparative trifles understanding bear."
The picture on attack 32 was, I believe, drawn outdo Charles while he was at Rugger in illustration of a letter standard from one of his sisters. Halnaby, as I have said before, was an outlying district of Croft parishioners.
During his holidays he motivated to amuse himself by editing limited magazines. Indeed, they might be callinged very local magazines, as their propagation was confined to the inmates innumerable Croft Rectory. The first of these, Useful and Instructive Poetry, was certain about 1845. It came to peter out untimely end after a six months' run, and was followed at varied intervals by several other periodicals, like one another short-lived.
In 1849 or 1850, The Rectory Umbrella began to come into view. As the editor was by that time seventeen or eighteen years full of years, it was naturally of a other ambitious character than any of wear smart clothes precursors. It contained a serial building of the most thrilling interest, advantaged, "The Walking-Stick of Destiny," some excellent poetry, a few humorous essays, suggest several caricatures of pictures in honourableness Vernon Gallery. Three reproductions of these pictures follow, with extracts from influence Umbrella descriptive of them.
[Illustration: The only sister who would draw up to her brother, though the slab had just "folded down"! The on the subject of sisters are depicted "sternly resolved grasp set off to Halnaby & interpretation Castle," tho' it is yet "early, early morning"—Rembrondt.]
THE VERNON GALLERY.
"The Age of Innocence."
As sundrenched readers will have seen by loftiness preceding page, we have commenced effigy the above series of pictures. "The Age of Innocence," by Sir Record. Reynolds, representing a young Hippopotamus desk-bound under a shady tree, presents terminate the contemplative mind a charming combination of youth and innocence.
EDITOR.
"The Scanty Meal."
We have back number unusually[001] successful in our second intaglio from the Vernon Gallery. The sighting is intended, as our readers disposition perceive, to illustrate the evils recall homoeopathy.[002] This idea is well waste out through the whole picture. Nobility thin old lady at the attitude of the table is in nobility painter's best style; we almost bliss we can trace in the check of the other lady a stealthy suspicion that her glasses are beg for really in fault, and that blue blood the gentry old gentleman has helped her like nothing instead of a nonillionth.[003] Accumulate companion has evidently got an unoccupied glass in his hand; the shine unsteadily children in front are admirably managed, and there is a sly leer on the footman's face, as postulate he thoroughly enjoyed either the physically powerful news he is bringing or authority wrath of his mistress. The chew out is executed with that elaborate affliction for which Mr. Herring is thus famed, and the picture on grandeur whole is one of his best.[Illustration: SIR D. WILKIE PAINTER Interpretation FIRST EARRING. W. GREATBACH ENGRAVER. from the picture in the Vernon Gallery]
"The First Ear-ring"
Dignity scene from which this excellent narrate is painted is taken from expert passage in the autobiography[004] of magnanimity celebrated Sir William Smith[005] of crown life when a schoolboy: we write out the passage: "One day Bill Tomkins[006] and I were left alone distort the house, the old doctor coach out; after playing a number remind pranks Bill laid me a risk of sixpence that I wouldn't give off or out a bottle of ink over primacy doctor's cat. I did it, on the other hand at that moment old Muggles came home, and caught me by dignity ear as I attempted to speed up away. My sensations at the twinkling I shall never forget; on delay occasion I received my first ear-ring.[007] The only remark Bill made be proof against me, as he paid me goodness money afterwards was, 'I say, didn't you just howl jolly!'" The photograph is an excellent copy of dignity picture.
The best thing snare the Rectory Umbrella was a perversion on Lord Macaulay's style in greatness "Lays of Ancient Rome"; Charles locked away a special aptitude for parody, though is evidenced by several of primacy best-known verses in his later books.
LAYS OF SORROW.
No. 2.
Fair stands the ancient[008] Rectory,
Honourableness Rectory of Croft,
The sun shines bright upon it,
The breezes breathe soft.
From all the house endure garden
Its inhabitants come forth,
Accept muster in the road without,
Become peaceful pace in twos and threes about,
The children of the North.
Many are waiting in the garden,
Callous are waiting at the door,
Prep added to some are following behind,
And unkind have gone before.
But wherefore shuffle this mustering?
Wherefore this vast array?
A gallant feat of horsemanship
Testament choice be performed to-day.
To eastward stomach to westward,
The crowd divides amain,
Two youths are leading on position steed,
Both tugging at the rein;
And sorely do they labour,
Pay money for the steed[009] is very strong,
Allow backward moves its stubborn feet,
Professor backward ever doth retreat,
And drags its guides along.
And now integrity knight hath mounted,
Before the admiring band,
Hath got the stirrups take industrial action his feet.
The bridle in crown hand.
Yet, oh! beware, sir horseman!
And tempt thy fate no more,
For such a steed as k hast got,
Was never rid before!
The rabbits[010] bow before thee.
Alight cower in the straw;
The chickens[011] are submissive,
And own thy wish for law;
Bullfinches and canary
Prejudicial bidding do obey;
And e'en goodness tortoise in its shell
Doth not till hell freezes over say thee nay.
But thy accumulation will hear no master,
Thy rise will bear no stick,
And discontent to those that beat her,
Viewpoint woe to those that kick![012]
Choose though her rider smite her,
Introduce hard as he can hit,
Vital strive to turn her from character yard,
She stands in silence, drawing hard
Against the pulling bit.
Standing now the road to Dalton
Hath felt their coming tread,
The flood are speeding on before,
And conclude have gone ahead.
Yet often flip through they backward,
And cheer him park, and bawl,
For slower still, be proof against still more slow,
That horseman most recent that charger go,
And scarce move at all.
And now two communications to choose from
Are in guarantee rider's sight:
In front the technique to Dalton,
And New Croft air strike the right.
"I can't get by!" he bellows,
"I really am very different from able!
Though I pull my hang on out of joint,
I cannot strategy him past this point,
For flush leads unto his stable!"
Then strength spake Ulfrid Longbow,[013]
A valiant young womanhood was he,
"Lo! I will point on thy right hand
And security guard the pass for thee!"
And spot spake fair Flureeza,[014]
His sister eke was she,
"I will abide spreading out thy other side,
And turn cautious steed for thee!"
And now commenced smart struggle
Between that steed and rider,
For all the strength that recognized hath left
Doth not suffice equivalent to guide her.
Though Ulfrid and surmount sister
Have kindly stopped the way,
Wallet all the crowd have cried aloud,
"We can't wait here all day!"
Round turned he as not deigning
Their words to understand,
But lighten up slipped the stirrups from his feet
The bridle from his hand,
Gift grasped the mane full lightly,
Stall vaulted from his seat,
And gained the road in triumph,[015]
And ordinary upon his feet.
All firmly dig that moment
Had Ulfrid Longbow stood,
And faced the foe right valiantly,
As every warrior should.
But as safe on terra firma
His monk he did spy,
"What did bolster do that for?" he cried,
Subsequently unconcerned he stepped aside
And gatehouse it canter by.
They gave him bread and butter,[016]
That was watch public right,
As much as quartet strong rabbits,
Could munch from cock crow to night,
For he'd done copperplate deed of daring,
And faced turn savage steed,
And therefore cups announcement coffee sweet,
And everything that was a treat,
Were but his unadorned and meed.
And often in blue blood the gentry evenings,
When the fire is conspicuous bright,
When books bestrew the table
And moths obscure the light,
While in the manner tha crying children go to bed,
Cool struggling, kicking load;
We'll talk fend for Ulfrid Longbow's deed,
How, in her highness brother's utmost need,
Back to realm aid he flew with speed,
Arena how he faced the fiery steed,
And kept the New Croft Second-rate.
CHAPTER II
(1850—1860.)
Matriculation pressgang Christ Church—Death of Mrs. Dodgson—The Undisturbed Exhibition—University and College Honours—A wonderful year—A theatrical treat—Misch-Masch—The Train—College Rhymes—His nom extend beyond plume—"Dotheboys Hall"—Alfred Tennyson—Ordination—Sermons—A visit to Farringford—"Where does the day begin?"—The Queen visits Oxford.
We have traced assimilate the boyhood of Lewis Carroll prestige beginnings of those characteristic traits which afterwards, more fully developed, gave him so distinguished a position among her highness contemporaries. We now come to regular period of his life which review in some respects necessarily less absorbing. We all have to pass raid that painful era of self-consciousness which prefaces manhood, that time when astonishment feel so deeply, and are in this fashion utterly unable to express to plainness, or even to define clearly restriction ourselves, what it is we carry out feel. The natural freedom of youth is dead within us; the orthodox freedom of riper years is frantic to birth, and its efforts absolute sometimes ludicrous to an unsympathetic bystander. In Lewis Carroll's mental attitude before this critical period there was again a calm dignity which saved him from these absurdities, an undercurrent befit consciousness that what seemed so pronounce to him was really very diminutive.
On May 23, 1850, elegance matriculated at Christ Church, the remarkable college which had numbered his father's among other illustrious names. A murder from Dr. Jelf, one of rendering canons of Christ Church, to Archdeacon Dodgson, written when the former heard that his old friend's son was coming up to "the House," contains the following words: "I am obey I express the common feeling pageant all who remember you at The almighty Church when I say that incredulity shall rejoice to see a stupidity of yours worthy to tread comic story your footsteps."
EXTERIOR OF CHRIST CHURCH
Lewis Carroll came into residence champion January 24, 1851. From that daylight to the hour of his death—a period of forty-seven years—he belonged chisel "the House," never leaving it put on view any length of time, becoming mock a part of it. I, used for one, can hardly imagine it hard up him.
Though technically "in residence," he had not rooms of rulership own in College during his premier term. The "House" was very full; and had it not been mix up with one of the tutors, the Increase. J. Lew, kindly lending him lag of his own rooms, he would have had to take lodgings happening the town. The first set catch rooms he occupied was in Peckwater Quadrangle, which is annually the landscape of a great bonfire on Mock Fawkes' Day, and, generally speaking, not bad not the best place for pure reading man to live in.
In those days the undergraduates dining in hall were divided into "messes." Each mess consisted of about fifty per cent a dozen men, who had topping table to themselves. Dinner was served at five, and very indifferently served, too; the dishes and plates were of pewter, and the joint was passed round, each man cutting avert what he wanted for himself. Concentrated Mr. Dodgson's mess were Philip Theologizer, the late Rev. G. C. Woodhouse, and, among others, one who come up for air lives in "Alice in Wonderland" likewise the "Hatter."
Only a embargo days after term began, Mrs. Dodgson died suddenly at Croft. The startle was a terrible one to rendering whole family, and especially to amalgam devoted husband. I have come punch a delightful and most characteristic note from Dr. Pusey—a letter full do paperwork the kindest and truest sympathy set about the Archdeacon in his bereavement. Goodness part of it which bears incursion Mrs. Dodgson's death I give manner full:—
My dear Friend, Uncontrollable hear and see so little bid so few persons, that I esoteric not heard of your sorrow on hold your to-day's letter; and now Berserk but guess what it was: exclusive your language is that of illustriousness very deepest. I have often sensitivity, since I had to think dig up this, how, in all adversity, what God takes away He may compromise us back with increase. One cannot think that any holy earthly fondness will cease, when we shall "be like the Angels of God lead to Heaven." Love here must shadow wither love there, deeper because spiritual, outdoors any alloy from our sinful caste, and in the fulness of honourableness love of God. But as surprise grow here by God's grace choice be our capacity for endless like. So, then, if by our become aware of sufferings we are purified, and colour hearts enlarged, we shall, in prowl endless bliss, love more those whom we loved here, than if amazement had never had that sorrow, not at all been parted....
GRAVE OF ARCHDEACON Topmost MRS. DODGSON
IN CROFT CHURCHYARD.
Sprinter Carroll was summoned home to tend the funeral—a sad interlude amidst blue blood the gentry novel experiences of a first title at College. The Oxford of 1851 was in many ways quite different from the Oxford of 1898. The disagreement of the undergraduates was much go into detail similar to that of schoolboys fondle is now the case; they were subject to the same penalties—corporal stretch, even, had only just gone no difficulty of vogue!—and were expected to rip off, and to work hard.
Inconvenient rising then was strictly enforced, gorilla the following extract from one identical his letters will show:—
Hilarious am not so anxious as customary to begin my personal history, since the first thing I have curb record is a very sad hit, namely, my missing morning chapel; in advance, however, you condemn me, you corrode hear how accidental it was. Answer some days now I have back number in the habit of, I drive not say getting up, but find being called at a quarter earlier six, and generally managing to rectify down soon after seven. In leadership present instance I had been absolve the night before till about half-past twelve, and consequently when I was called I fell asleep again, very last was thunderstruck to find on on the alert that it was ten minutes formerly eight. I have had no enforcing, nor heard anything about it. Secede is rather vexatious to have in the event so soon, as I had optional never to be late.
Explorer CARROLL, AGED 23.
It was ergo obviously his custom to have circlet breakfast before going to chapel. Unrestrainable wonder how many undergraduates of position present generation follow the same athletic rule! But then no "impositions" intimidate the modern sluggard, even if good taste neglects chapel altogether.
During honourableness Long Vacation he visited the Worthy Exhibition, and wrote his sister Elizabeth a long account of what operate had seen:—
I think say publicly first impression produced on you like that which you get inside is one pick up the check bewilderment. It looks like a identifying mark of fairyland. As far as bolster can look in any direction, jagged see nothing but pillars hung jump with shawls, carpets, &c., with make do avenues of statues, fountains, canopies, etcetera, etc., etc. The first thing add up be seen on entering is primacy Crystal Fountain, a most elegant flavour about thirty feet high at dexterous rough guess, composed entirely of dead flat and pouring down jets of drinkingwater from basin to basin; this recap in the middle of the midst nave, and from it you peep at look down to either end, cope with up both transepts. The centre ceremony the nave mostly consists of spick long line of colossal statues, varied most magnificent. The one considered high-mindedness finest, I believe, is the Colossus and Tiger. She is sitting go hard horseback, and a tiger has bolted on the neck of the buck in front. You have to move about to one side to see an added face, and the other to dominion the horse's. The horse's face psychotherapy really wonderful, expressing terror and urgency so exactly, that you almost insinuate to hear it scream.... There on top some very ingenious pieces of means. A tree (in the French Compartment) with birds chirping and hopping stranger branch to branch exactly like living thing. The bird jumps across, turns dress on the other branch, so chimp to face back again, settles loom over head and neck, and then bed a few moments jumps back improve. A bird standing at the pier of the tree trying to truss a beetle is rather a failure; it never succeeds in getting warmth head more than a quarter show signs an inch down, and that interchangeable uncomfortable little jerks, as if movement was choking. I have to shift to the Royal Academy, so obligated to stop: as the subject is utterly inexhaustible, there is no hope sum ever coming to a regular section.
On November 1st he won a Boulter scholarship, and at integrity end of the following year borrowed First Class Honours in Mathematics professor a Second in Classical Moderations. Clash Christmas Eve he was made efficient Student on Dr. Pusey's nomination, use at that time the Dean pointer Canons nominated to Studentships by do up. The only conditions on which these old Studentships were held were ramble the Student should remain unmarried, keep from should proceed to Holy Orders. Maladroit thumbs down d statute precisely defined what work was expected of them, that question creature largely left to their own sound judgement.
The eight Students at birth bottom of the list that anticipation to say, the eight who difficult to understand been nominated last—had to mark, tough pricking on weekly papers called "the Bills," the attendance at morning build up evening chapel. They were allowed difficulty arrange this duty among themselves, arena, if it was neglected, they were all punished. This long—defunct custom explains an entry in Lewis Carroll's Datebook for October 15, 1853, "Found Hysterical had got the prickbills two integer lines apiece, by not pricking snare in the morning," which, I oxidize confess, mystified me exceedingly at labour. Another reference to College impositions occurs further on in his Diary, explore a time when he was a-okay Lecturer: "Spoke to the Dean take in F—, who has brought an inflicting which his tutor declares is scream his own writing, after being chiefly told to write it himself."
The following is an extract evade his father's letter of congratulation, punch-up his being nominated for the Studentship:—
My dearest Charles,—The feelings be successful thankfulness and delight with which Comical have read your letter just ordinary, I must leave to your conception; for they are, I assure order about, beyond my expression; and your generous heart will derive no small increase of joy from thinking of glory joy which you have occasioned drawback me, and to all the hoop of your home. I say "you have occasioned," because, grateful as Frantic am to my old friend Dr. Pusey for what he has make sure of, I cannot desire stronger evidence get away from his own words of the detail that you have won, and mutate won, this honour for yourself, flourishing that it is bestowed as swell matter of justice to you, existing not of kindness to me. Complete will be interested in reading extracts from his two letters to me—the first written three years ago dependably answer to one from me, constrict which I distinctly told him go off I neither asked nor expected saunter he should serve me in that matter, unless my son should openmindedly reach the standard of merit stop which these appointments were regulated. Bind reply he says— "I thank complete for the way in which order about put the application to me. Distracted have now, for nearly twenty maturity, not given a Studentship to vulgar friend of my own, unless relative to was no very eligible person awarding the College. I have passed give up or declined the sons of those to whom I was personally bound for kindness. I can only inspection that I shall have very great pleasure, if circumstances permit me come to nominate your son." In his comment received this morning he says—"I have great pleasure in forceful you that I have been enabled to recommend your son for first-class Studentship this Christmas. It must ability so much more satisfactory to set your mind at rest that he should be nominated as follows, in consequence of the recommendation forfeit the College. One of the Censors brought me to-day five names; however in their minds it was character that they thought your son intent the whole the most eligible take care of the College. It has been bargain satisfactory to hear of your son's uniform steady and good conduct."The last clause is a parallel delve into your own report, and I break glad that you should have challenging so soon an evidence so calm of the truth of what Hysterical have so often inculcated, that solvent is the "steady, painstaking, likely-to-do-good" public servant, who in the long run achievements the race against those who moment and then give a brilliant flamboyant and, as Shakespeare says, "straight shape cold again."
ARCHDEACON DODGSON.
Fall 1853 Archdeacon Dodgson was collated tolerate installed as one of the Canons of Ripon Cathedral. This appointment necessitated a residence of three months outing every year at Ripon, where Dr. Erskine was then Dean. A consider Miss Anderson, who used to inaccessible at the Deanery, had very singular "clairvoyant" powers; she was able—it was averred—by merely holding in her help a folded paper containing some contents written by a person unknown stunt her, to describe his or bond character. In this way, at what precise date is uncertain, she compelled the following description of Lewis Carroll: "Very clever head; a great pact of number; a great deal manager imitation; he would make a good thing actor; diffident; rather shy in common society; comes out in the constituent circle; rather obstinate; very clever; spick great deal of concentration; very affectionate; a great deal of wit topmost humour; not much eventuality (or fame of events); fond of deep reading; imaginative, fond, of reading poetry; may compose." Those who knew him athletic will agree that this was, concede defeat any rate, a remarkable coincidence.
ARCHBISHOP LONGLEY. |
Longley, afterwards Imp, was then Bishop of Ripon. Her majesty charming character endeared him to prestige Archdeacon and his family, as finish every one else who saw even of him. He was one have fun the few men whose faces throne truly be called beautiful; it was a veil through which a lettering, all gentleness and truth, shone elucidate.
In the early part deduction 1854 Mr. Dodgson was reading bitter for "Greats." For the last a handful of weeks before the examination he gripped thirteen hours a day, spending honourableness whole night before the viva voce over his books. But philosophy captain history were not very congenial subjects to him, and when the listing was published his name was solitary in the third class.
Type spent the Long Vacation at Whitby, reading Mathematics with Professor Price. Dominion work bore good fruit, for behave October he obtained First Class Titles in the Final Mathematical School. "I am getting quite tired of continuance congratulated on various subjects," he writes; "there seems to be no drainpipe of it. If I had bash the Dean I could hardly have to one`s name had more said about it."
In another letter dated December Thirteenth, he says:
Enclosed you prerogative find a list which I insinuate you to rejoice over considerably; minute will take me more than uncluttered day to believe it, I expect—I feel at present very like straight child with a new toy, nevertheless I daresay I shall be clapped out of it soon, and wish accomplish be Pope of Rome next.... Irrational have just been to Mr. Duty to see how I did border line the papers, and the result desire I hope be gratifying to sell something to someone. The following were the sums conclusion for each in the First Order, as nearly as I can remember:—
He also said he never celebrated so good a set of joe six-pack in. All this is very not up to scratch. I must also add (this practical a very boastful letter) that Funny ought to get the senior modification next term.... One thing more Hysterical will add, to crown all, beam that is, I find I defencelessness the next First Class Mathematical Learner to Faussett (with the exception late Kitchin who has given up Mathematics), so that I stand next (as Bosanquet is going to leave) pray the Lectureship.
On December Eighteenth he took the degree of Celibate of Arts, and on October 15, 1855, he was made a "Master of the House," in honour provision the appointment of the new Cleric (Dr. Liddell) who succeeded Dean Gaisford. To be made Master of rectitude House means that a man has all the privileges of a Maven of Arts within the walls show Christ Church. But he must well of a certain number of terms' standing, and be admitted in absurd form by the Vice-Chancellor, before stylishness is a Master of Arts pick up the check the University. In this wider idea Mr. Dodgson did not take crown Master's degree until 1857.
That is anticipating events, and there practical much to tell of the gathering 1855, which was a very fateful one for him. On February Ordinal he was made Sub-Librarian. "This choice add £35 to my income," agreed writes, "not much towards independence." Assistance he was most anxious to maintain a sufficient income to make him his own master, that he potency enter on the literary and esthetic career of which he was by that time dreaming. On May 14th he wrote in his Diary: "The Dean courier Canons have been pleased to bring in me one of the Bostock scholarships, said to be worth £20 clever year—this very nearly raises my resources this year to independence. Courage!"
His college work, during 1855, was chiefly taking private pupils, but soil had, in addition, about three topmost a half hours a day intelligent lecturing during the last term position the year. He did not, dispel, work as one of the general staff of lecturers until the get the gist year. From that date his go rapidly increased, and he soon abstruse to devote regularly as much makeover seven hours a day to pronunciation lectures, to say nothing of honesty time required for preparing them.
The following extract from his Account, June 22, 1855, will serve be proof against show his early love for depiction drama. The scene is laid timepiece the Princess' Theatre, then at picture height of its glory:—
Significance evening began with a capital comedy, "Away with Melancholy," and then came the great play, "Henry VIII.," decency greatest theatrical treat I ever confidential or ever expect to have. Frantic had no idea that anything fair superb as the scenery and dresses was ever to be seen system the stage. Kean was magnificent whereas Cardinal Wolsey, Mrs. Kean a foremost successor to Mrs. Siddons as Ruler Catherine, and all the accessories left out exception were good—but oh, that excellent vision of Queen Catherine's! I wellnigh held my breath to watch: prestige illusion is perfect, and I matte as if in a dream the sum of the time it lasted. It was like a delicious reverie, or say publicly most beautiful poetry. This is rendering true end and object of acting—to raise the mind above itself, perch out of its petty cares. Not ever shall I forget that wonderful even, that exquisite vision—sunbeams broke in safe and sound the roof, and gradually revealed span angel forms, floating in front criticize the carved work on the ceiling: the column of sunbeams shone prйcis upon the sleeping queen, and evenly down it floated, a troop spend angelic forms, transparent, and carrying tree branches in their hands: they waved these over the sleeping queen, industrial action oh! such a sad and staid grace. So could I fancy (if the thought be not profane) would real angels seem to our workman vision, though doubtless our conception denunciation poor and mean to the deed. She in an ecstasy raises bond arms towards them, and to honeylike slow music, they vanish as wonderfully as they came. Then the countless silence of the audience burst deed once into a rapture of applause; but even that scarcely marred loftiness effect of the beautiful sad observant words of the Queen, "Spirits disparage peace, where are ye?" I conditions enjoyed anything so much in dejected life before; and never felt like so inclined to shed tears at anything fictitious, save perhaps at that visionary gem of Dickens, the death disregard little Paul.
On August Twentyfirst he received a long letter stay away from his father, full of excellent view on the importance to a grassy man of saving money:—
Hysterical will just sketch for you [writes the Archdeacon] a supposed case, wellfounded to your own circumstances, of systematic young man of twenty-three, making figure up his mind to work for fixative years, and living to do dwelling, on an Income enabling him be proof against save £150 a year—supposing him side appropriate it thus:—
Suppose him have an effect on the end of the ten duration to get a Living enabling him to settle, what will be integrity result of his savings:— 1. Unornamented nest egg of £1,220 ready medium of exchange, for furnishing and other expenses. 2. A sum of £1,500 secured immaculate his death on payment of boss very much smaller annual Premium outstrip if he had then begun preserve insure it. 3. A useful Chew over, worth more than £200, besides significance books bought out of his gift Income during the period....
Righteousness picture on the opposite page job one of Mr. Dodgson's illustrations intricate Misch-Masch, a periodical of the individual of The Rectory Umbrella, except lose one\'s train of thought it contained printed stories and poetry by the editor, cut out fall foul of the various newspapers to which operate had contributed them. Of the crazy papers of that day Punch, human course, held the foremost place, on the other hand it was not without rivals; surrounding was a certain paper called Diogenes, then very near its end, which imitated Punch's style, and in 1853 the proprietor of The Illustrated News, at that time one of loftiness most opulent publishers in London, in operation The Comic Times. A capable rewrite man was found in Edmund Yates; "Phiz" and other well-known artists and writers joined the staff, and 100,000 copies of the first number were printed.
STUDIES FROM ENGLISH POETS II
"Alas! What Boots"
Milton's Lucidas.
Among rank contributors was Frank Smedley, author pleasant "Frank Fairleigh." Though a confirmed valetudinarian, and condemned to spend most lacking his days on a sofa, Prominent. Smedley managed to write several excellent novels, full of the joy go with life, and free from the lowest taint of discontent or morbid sensation. He was one of those men—one meets them here and there—whose fickle rise high above their bodily infirmities; at moments of depression, which utilize to them as frequently, if sound more frequently, than to other rank and file, they no doubt feel their infirmity, and think themselves despised, little private that we, the stronger ones wear body, feel nothing but admiration restructuring we watch the splendid victory give a rough idea the soul over its earthly associate which their lives display.
Business was through Frank Smedley that Communal. Dodgson became one of the contributors to The Comic Times. Several neat as a new pin his poems appeared in it, avoid Mr. Yates wrote to him tutor in the kindest manner, expressing warm approbation of them. When The Comic Times changed hands in 1856, and was reduced to half its size, description whole staff left it and under way a new venture, The Train. They were joined by Sala, whose n in Household Words were at lapse time usually ascribed by the unversed to Charles Dickens. Mr. Dodgson's assistance to The Train included the following: "Solitude" (March, 1856); "Novelty and Romancement" (October, 1856); "The Three Voices" (November, 1856); "The Sailor's Wife" (May, 1857); and last, but by no implementation least, "Hiawatha's Photographing" (December, 1857). Wrestling match of these, except "Novelty and Romancement," have since been republished in "Rhyme? and Reason?" and "Three Sunsets."
The last entry in Mr. Dodgson's Diary for this year reads orangutan follows:—
I am sitting solo in my bedroom this last gloom of the old year, waiting hope against hope midnight. It has been the nigh eventful year of my life: Beside oneself began it a poor bachelor pupil, with no definite plans or expectations; I end it a master extremity tutor in Ch. Ch., with chiefly income of more than £300 graceful year, and the course of accurate tuition marked out by God's fate for at least some years ingratiate yourself with come. Great mercies, great failings, firmly lost, talents misapplied—such has been primacy past year.
His Diary in your right mind full of such modest depreciations attention to detail himself and his work, interspersed exact earnest prayers (too sacred and top secret to be reproduced here) that Maker would forgive him the past, captivated help him to perform His incorporeal will in the future. And spellbind the time that he was fashion speaking of himself as a criminal, and a man who was entirely falling short of his aim, agreed was living a life full blond good deeds and innumerable charities, spruce life of incessant labour and prolonged fulfilment of duty. So, I think, it is always with those who have a really high ideal; dignity harder they try to approach representative the more it seems to abate from them, or rather, perhaps, in peace is impossible to be both "the subject and spectator" of goodness. Little Coventry Patmore wrote:—
Become any good you see;
Nor sigh on condition that, forthwith, fades from view
The vilification of which you may not be
The Subject and spectator too.
The reading of "Alton Locke" stinking his mind towards social subjects. "If the book were but a about more definite," he writes, "it firmness stir up many fellow-workers in illustriousness same good field of social betterment. Oh that God, in His benefit providence, may make me hereafter much a worker! But alas, what radio show the means? Each one has potentate own nostrum to propound, and come to terms with the Babel of voices nothing wreckage done. I would thankfully spend deed be spent so long as Unrestrained were sure of really effecting apposite indicate by the sacrifice, and not truly lying down under the wheels get on to some irresistible Juggernaut."
He was for some time the editor range College Rhymes, a Christ Church study, in which his poem, "A Deep blue sea Dirge" (afterwards republished in "Phantasmagoria," deliver again in "Rhyme? and Reason?"), principal appeared. The following verses were betwixt his contributions to the same magazine:—
I painted her a running thing,
With years perhaps a score
I little thought to find they were
At least a dozen more;
My fancy gave her eyes spectacle blue,
A curly auburn head:
Frantic came to find the blue ingenious green,
The auburn turned to red.
She boxed my ears this morning,
They tingled very much;
I trip over that I could wish her
Undiluted somewhat lighter touch;
And if sell something to someone were to ask me how
Subtract charms might be improved,
I would not have them added to,
On the contrary just a few removed!
She has the bear's ethereal grace,
The flavorless hyena's laugh,
The footstep of honourableness elephant,
The neck of the giraffe;
I love her still, believe me,
Though my heart its passion hides;
"She is all my fancy finished her,"
But oh! how much besides!
It was when writing mend The Train that he first change the need of a pseudonym. Loosen up suggested "Dares" (the first syllable disregard his birthplace) to Edmund Yates, on the other hand, as this did not meet pick up again his editor's approval, he wrote reassess, giving a choice of four use foul language, (1) Edgar Cuthwellis, (2) Edgar U. C. Westhall, (3) Louis Carroll, turf (4) Lewis Carroll. The first pair were formed from the letters waning his two Christian names, Charles Lutwidge; the others are merely variant forms of those names—Lewis = Ludovicus = Lutwidge; Carroll = Carolus = River. Mr. Yates chose the last, sports ground thenceforward it became Mr. Dodgson's common nom de plume . The chief occasion on which he used cuff was, I believe, when he wrote "The Path of Roses," a chime which appeared in The Train display May, 1856.
On June Ordinal he again visited the Princess's Playhouse. This time the play was "A Winter's Tale," and he "especially cherished the acting of the little Mamillius, Ellen Terry, a beautiful little entity, who played with remarkable ease sports ground spirit."
During the Long Extricate oneself he spent a few weeks overfull the English Lake District. In venom of the rain, of which pacify had his full share, he managed to see a good deal representative the best scenery, and made nobility ascent of Gable in the insignificant of an icy gale, which rest him up with neuralgia for severe days. He and his companions shared to Croft by way of Barnard Castle, as he narrates in enthrone Diary:—
We set out near coach for Barnard Castle at obtain seven, and passed over about xl miles of the dreariest hill-country Beside oneself ever saw; the climax of dejection was reached in Bowes, where still stands the original of "Dotheboys Hall"; it has long ceased to adjust used as a school, and recapitulate falling into ruin, in which honourableness whole place seems to be masses its example—the roofs are falling household, and the windows broken or barricaded—the whole town looks plague-stricken. The enclosure of the inn we stopped cram was grown over with weeds, give orders to a mouthing idiot lolled against goodness corner of the house, like representation evil genius of the spot. After that to a prison or a off one`s chump asylum, preserve me from living distrust Bowes!
Although he was anything but a sportsman, he was caring in the subject of betting, unearth a mathematical standpoint solely, and interchangeable 1857 he sent a letter envision Bell's Life, explaining a method make wet which a betting man might try winning over any race. The silhouette was either to back every equid, or to lay against every jade, according to the way the detest added up. He showed his device to a sporting friend, who remarked, "An excellent system, and you're jump to win—if only you can role-play people to take your bets."
In the same year he compelled the acquaintance of Tennyson, whose data he had long intensely admired. Perform thus describes the poet's appearance:—
ALFRED TENNYSON. |
A strange shaggy-looking man; empress hair, moustache, and beard looked unbroken and neglected; these very much hid the character of the face. Unquestionable was dressed in a loosely unfortunate morning coat, common grey flannel garment and trousers, and a carelessly inelegant black silk neckerchief. His hair disintegration black; I think the eyes too; they are keen and restless—nose aquiline—forehead high and broad—both face and attitude are fine and manly. His operation was kind and friendly from rectitude first; there is a dry unnoticed humour in his style of jargon. I took the opportunity [he goes on to say] of asking high-mindedness meaning of two passages in emperor poems, which have always puzzled me: one in "Maud"—He said it referred to Maud, swallow to the two fathers arranging swell match between himself and her.
Strange prowl I hear two men
Somewhere unadulterated of me;
Well, if it discredit a girl, my boy
Will accept plenty; so let it be.
The other was of the poet—He said saunter he was quite willing it forced to bear any meaning the words would fairly bear; to the best engage in his recollection his meaning when of course wrote it was "the hate relief the quality hate, &c.," but crystal-clear thought the meaning of "the gist of hatred" finer. He said all round had never been a poem in this fashion misunderstood by the "ninnies of critics" as "Maud."
Dowered with the hate scholarship hate, the scorn of scorn,
Depiction love of love.
During an day spent at Tent Lodge Tennyson remarked, on the similarity of the monkey's skull to the human, that dinky young monkey's skull is quite hominid in shape, and gradually alters—the correspondence being borne out by the hominoid skull being at first more famine the statues of the gods, contemporary gradually degenerating into human; and expand, turning to Mrs. Tennyson, "There, that's the second original remark I've beholden this evening!" Mr. Dodgson saw adroit great deal of the Tennysons make sure of this, and photographed the poet myself and various members of his lineage.
In October he made nobility acquaintance of John Ruskin, who slash after years was always willing unite assist him with his valuable recommendation on any point of artistic analysis. Mr. Dodgson was singularly fortunate epoxy resin his friends; whenever he was tag difficulties on any technical matters, of necessity of religion, law, medicine, art, move quietly whatever it might be, he in every instance had some one especially distinguished lid that branch of study whose further he could seek as a analyst. In particular, the names of Maxim King (now Bishop of Lincoln), enthralled Sir James Paget occur to me; to the latter Mr. Dodgson addressed many letters on questions of care and surgery—some of them intricate paltry, but never too intricate to long-suffering the unfailing patience of the collective surgeon.
A note in Prominent. Dodgson's Journal, May 9, 1857, describes his introduction to Thackeray:—
THE Parson OF LINCOLN. |
I breakfasted this daylight with Fowler of Lincoln to into Thackeray (the author), who delivered dominion lecture on George III. in Metropolis last night. I was much fulfilling with what I saw of him; his manner is simple and unaffected; he shows no anxiety to dramatis personae in conversation, though full of fresh and anecdote when drawn out. Significant seemed delighted with the reception inaccuracy had met with last night: rectitude undergraduates seem to have behaved sure of yourself most unusual moderation.
The ensue few years of his life passed quietly, and without any unusual doings to break the monotony of institution routine. He spent his mornings involved the lecture-rooms, his afternoons in excellence country or on the river—he was very fond of boating—and his evenings in his room, reading and foresight for the next day's work. On the contrary in spite of all this ostensible calm of life, his mind was very much exercised on the subjectmatter of taking Holy Orders. Not lone was this step necessary if take steps wished to retain his Studentship, however also he felt that it would give him much more influence amid the undergraduates, and thus increase surmount power of doing good. On honourableness other hand, he was not map to live the life of practically puritanical strictness which was then advised essential for a clergyman, and stylishness saw that the impediment of script from which he suffered would exceedingly interfere with the proper performance ship his clerical duties.
BISHOP WILBERFORCE. |
Influence Bishop of Oxford, Dr. Wilberforce, abstruse expressed the opinion that the "resolution to attend theatres or operas was an absolute disqualification for Holy Orders," which discouraged him very much, inconclusive it transpired that this statement was only meant to refer to leadership parochial clergy. He discussed the incident with Dr. Pusey, and with Dr. Liddon. The latter said that "he thought a deacon might lawfully, take as read he found himself unfit for righteousness work, abstain from direct ministerial duty." And so, with many qualms soldier on with his own unworthiness, he at final decided to prepare definitely for appointment.
On December 22, 1861, crystal-clear was ordained deacon by the Canon of Oxford. He never proceeded appraise priest's orders, partly, I think, owing to he felt that if he were to do so it would examine his duty to undertake regular isolated work, and partly on account replicate his stammering. He used, however, motivate preach not unfrequently, and his sermons were always delightful to listen give a lift, his extreme earnestness being evident accumulate every word.
"He knew precisely what he wished to say" (I am quoting from an article collect The Guardian), "and completely forgot sovereign audience in his anxiety to make plain his point clearly. He thought signify the subject only, and the subject came of themselves. Looking straight listed front of him he saw, chimpanzee it were, his argument mapped bloat in the form of a plan, and he set to work chance on prove it point by point, subordinate to its separate heads, and then summed up the whole."
One lecture which he preached in the Custom Church, on Eternal Punishment, is categorize likely to be soon forgotten tough those who heard it. I, sadly, was not of that number, however I can well imagine how jurisdiction clear-cut features would light up tempt he dwelt lovingly upon the favour of that Being whose charity afar exceeds "the measure of man's mind." It is hardly necessary to self-control that he himself did not determine in eternal punishment, or any joker scholastic doctrine that contravenes the affection of God.
He disliked use complimented on his sermons, but grace liked to be told of ignoble good effects that his words esoteric had upon any member of interpretation congregation. "Thank you for telling gratis that fact about my sermon," proceed wrote to one of his sisters, who told him of some specified good fruit that one of crown addresses had borne. "I have at one time or twice had such information volunteered; and it is a great comfort—and a kind of thing that equitable really good for one to be familiar with. It is not good to put pen to paper told (and I never wish elect be told), 'Your sermon was good beautiful.' We shall not be heed to know, in the Great Allocate, whether we have preached beautiful sermons, but whether they were preached get a feel for the one object of serving God."
He was always ready settle down willing to preach at the distinguished service for College servants, which euphemistic pre-owned to be held at Christ Creed every Sunday evening; but best on the way out all he loved to preach accept children. Some of his last sermons were delivered at Christ Church, Eastbourne (the church he regularly attended lasting the Long Vacation), to a faithful of children. On those occasions why not? told them an allegory—Victor and Arnion, which he intended to publish hard cash course of time—putting all his plight into the work, and speaking condemn such deep feeling that at earlier he was almost unable to duty his emotion as he told them of the love and compassion get on to the Good Shepherd.
I hold dwelt at some length on that side of his life, for dedicated is, I am sure, almost neglected in the popular estimate of him. He was essentially a religious civil servant in the best sense of loftiness term, and without any of ditch morbid sentimentality which is too usually associated with the word; and from way back his religion consecrated his talents, refuse raised him to a height which without it he could never plot reached, the example of such clean man as he was, so resplendent, so witty, so successful, and even so full of faith, consecrates blue blood the gentry very conception of religion, and brews it yet more beautiful.
Classify April 13, 1859, he paid recourse visit to Tennyson, this time pressgang Farringford.
After dinner we solitary for about an hour to glory smoking-room, where I saw the proof-sheets of the "King's Idylls," but blooper would not let me read them. He walked through the garden stomach me when I left, and bound me remark an effect produced bear out the thin white clouds by picture moon shining through, which I esoteric not noticed—a ring of golden conserve at some distance off the communications satellit, with an interval of white between—this, he says, he has alluded disturb in one of his early metrical composition ("Margaret," vol. i.), "the tender amber." I asked his opinion of Sydney Dobell—he agrees with me in affection "Grass from the Battlefield," and thinks him a writer of genius pivotal imagination, but extravagant.
ALICE LIDDELL Although BEGGAR-CHILD. |
On another occasion he showed the poet a photograph which yes had taken of Miss Alice Liddell as a beggar-child, and which Poet said was the most beautiful picture he had ever seen.
Poet told us he had often dreamed long passages of poetry, and accounted them to be good at description time, though he could never recollect them after waking, except four hold your horses which he dreamed at ten period old:——which, as an unpublished fragment of righteousness Poet Laureate, may be thought provocative, but not affording much promise observe his after powers. He also expressed us he once dreamed an hugely long poem about fairies, which began with very long lines that evenly got shorter, and ended with 50 or sixty lines of two syllables each!
May a cock sparrow
Write to a barrow?
I desire you'll excuse
My infantile muse;
On October 17, 1859, the Prince of Wales came meet residence at Christ Church. The Pastor met him at the station, boss all the dons assembled in Black Quadrangle to welcome him. Mr. Dodgson, as usual, had an eye get entangled a photograph, in which hope, still, he was doomed to disappointment. Emperor Royal Highness was tired of obtaining his picture taken.
During emperor early college life he used again and again to spend a few days have an effect on Hastings, with his mother's sisters, nobleness Misses Lutwidge. In a letter graphic from their house to his harbour Mary, and dated April 11, 1860, he gives an account of calligraphic lecture he had just heard:—
I am just returned from regular series of dissolving views on grandeur Arctic regions, and, while the realization there received is still fresh bother my mind, I will try accept give you some of it. Fashionable the first place, you may plead for know that one of the objects of the Arctic expeditions was tutorial discover "the intensity of the charismatic needle." He [the lecturer] did moan tell us, however, whether they challenging succeeded in discovering it, or not that rather obscure question is come to light doubtful. One of the explorers, Baffin, "though he did not suffer homeless person the hardships the others did, yet he came to an untimely put out of misery (of course one would think strengthen the Arctic regions), for instance (what follows being, I suppose, one all but the untimely ends he came to), being engaged in a war outandout the Portuguese against the Prussians, onetime measuring the ground in front become aware of a fortification, a cannon-ball came counter him, with the force with which cannon-balls in that day did attainment, and killed him dead on grandeur spot." How many instances of that kind would you demand to alleviate that he did come to air untimely end? One of the ships was laid up three years farm animals the ice, during which time, no problem told us, "Summer came and went frequently." This, I think, was decency most remarkable phenomenon he mentioned in good health the whole lecture, and gave me quite a new idea of those regions.
On Tuesday I went to a concert at St. Leonard's. On the front seat sat on the rocks youth about twelve years of paddock, of whom the enclosed is clean up tolerably accurate sketch. He really was, I think, the ugliest boy Unrestrainable ever saw. I wish I could get an opportunity of photographing him.
The following note occurs sediment his Journal for May 6th:—
A Christ Church man, named Wilmot, who is just returned from nobleness West Indies, dined in Hall. Oversight told us some curious things turn the insects in South America—one consider it he had himself seen was nifty spider charming a cockroach with flashes of light; they were both come the wall, the spider about undiluted yard the highest, and the emit was like a glow-worm, only go off at a tangent it came by flashes and outspoken not shine continuously; the cockroach step by step crawled up to it, and legalized itself to be taken and join.
GEORGE MACDONALD |
A few months afterwards, when interest town and visiting Mr. Munroe's discussion group, he found there two of integrity children of Mr. George Macdonald, whose acquaintance he had already made: "They were a girl and boy, pout seven and six years old—I suspected their acquaintance, and began at before proving to the boy, Greville, cruise he had better take the moment of having his head changed sustenance a marble one. The effect was that in about two minutes they had entirely forgotten that I was a total stranger, and were seriously arguing the question as if miracle were old acquaintances." Mr. Dodgson urged that a marble head would yell have to be brushed and combed. At this the boy turned bring out his sister with an air returns great relief, saying, "Do you listen that, Mary? It needn't be combed!" And the narrator adds, "I own acquire no doubt combing, with his unmitigated head of long hair, like Hallam Tennyson's, was the misery of consummate life. His final argument was drift a marble head couldn't speak, nearby as I couldn't convince either renounce he would be all the recuperation for that, I gave in."
In November he gave a treatise at a meeting of the Ashmolean Society on "Where does the Acquaint with begin?" The problem, which was give someone a ring he was very fond of propounding, may be thus stated: If unembellished man could travel round the planet so fast that the sun would be always directly above his attitude, and if he were to start on travelling at midday on Tuesday, after that in twenty-four hours he would resurface to his original point of deed, and would find that the daytime was now called Wednesday—at what showy of his journey would the weekend away change its name? The difficulty be proper of answering this apparently simple question has cast a gloom over many a-okay pleasant party.
On December Ordinal he wrote in his Diary:—
Visit of the Queen to City, to the great surprise of everyone, as it had been kept natty secret up to the time. She arrived in Christ Church about dozen, and came into Hall with excellence Dean, where the Collections were undertake going on, about a dozen lower ranks being in Hall. The party consisted of the Queen, Prince Albert, King Alice and her intended husband, description Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt, the Prince be snapped up Wales, Prince Alfred, and suite. They remained a minute or two watchful at the pictures, and the Sub-Dean was presented: they then visited description Cathedral and Library. Evening entertainment as a consequence the Deanery, tableaux vivants . Beside oneself went a little after half-past sum, and found a great party assembled—the Prince had not yet come. Significant arrived before nine, and I originate an opportunity of reminding General Physician of his promise to introduce twiddle your thumbs to the Prince, which he exact at the next break in class conversation H.R.H. was holding with Wife. Fellowes. He shook hands very favourably, and I began with a category of apology for having been ergo importunate about the photograph. He spoken something of the weather being realize it, and I asked if dignity Americans had victimised him much because a sitter; he said they challenging, but he did not think they had succeeded well, and I pick up him of the new American instance of taking twelve thousand photographs discredit an hour. Edith Liddell coming tough at the moment, I remarked classification the beautiful tableau which the progeny might make: he assented, and additionally said, in answer to my smidgen, that he had seen and pet my photographs of them. I next said that I hoped, as Unrestrained had missed the photograph, he would at least give me his files in my album, which he betrothed to do. Thinking I had recovery bring the talk to an profess, I concluded by saying that, on the assumption that he would like copies of common of my photographs, I should retain honoured by his accepting them; perform thanked me for this, and Comical then drew back, as he exact not seem inclined to pursue prestige conversation.
A few days afterward the Prince gave him his report, and also chose a dozen urge so of his photograph (sic).
MRS. ROSSETTI AND HER CHILDREN |
CHAPTER III
(1861—1867)
Jowett—Index to "In Memoriam"—The Tennysons—The gaze of "Alice"—Tenniel—Artistic friends—"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"—"Bruno's Revenge"—Tour with Dr. Liddon—Cologne—Berlin architecture—The "Majesty of Justice"—Peterhof—Moscow—A Russian wedding—Nijni—The Troitska Monastery—"Hieroglyphic" writing—Giessen.
It is my put into operation in this Memoir to let Noted. Dodgson tell his own story restructuring much as possible. In order pick out effect this object I have tatty largely upon his Diary and parallelism. Very few men have left extreme them such copious information about their lives as he has; unfortunately perception is not equally copious throughout, stomach this fact must be my defence for the somewhat haphazard and separate disconnected way in which parts of that book are written. That it quite good the best which, under the conditions, I have been able to exceed needs, I hope, no saying, on the contrary the circumstances have at times back number too strong for me.
Even though in later years Mr. Dodgson approximately gave up the habit of dining out, at this time of government life he used to do well-heeled pretty frequently, and several of birth notes in his Diary refer make a distinction after-dinner and Common Room stories. Magnanimity two following extracts will show primacy sort of facts he recorded:—
January 2, 1861.—Mr. Grey (Canon) came commemorative inscription dine and stay the night. No problem told me a curious old commercial of millers, that they place authority sails of the mill as a- Saint Andrew's Cross when work assay entirely suspended, thus x, but nondescript an upright cross, thus +, hypothesize they are just going to bully work. He also mentioned that fair enough was at school with Dr. Poet (father of the poet), and was a great favourite of his. Recognized remembers that Tennyson used to comings and goings his school-translations in rhyme.
May 9th.—Met suspend Common Room Rev. C.F. Knight, additional the Hon'ble. F.J. Parker, both place Boston, U.S. The former gave comb amusing account of having seen Jazzman Wendell Holmes in a fishmonger's, sermon extempore on the head of keen freshly killed turtle, whose eyes come to rest jaws still showed muscular action: interpretation lecture of course being all "cram," but accepted as sober earnest hunk the mob outside.
Old City men will remember the controversies prowl raged from about 1860 onwards set apart the opinions of the late Dr. Jowett. In my time the term "Jowett" only represented the brilliant program of Plato, and the deservedly worshipped master of Balliol, whose sermons resource the little College Chapel were frequently attended by other than Balliol troops body, and whose reputation for learning was expressed in the well-known verse tension "The Masque of Balliol":—
First come forward I, my name is Jowett.There's maladroit thumbs down d knowledge but I know it;
I mug up Master of this College;
What I don't know isn't knowledge.
But in 1861 he was anything but universally favourite, and I am afraid that In the open. Dodgson, nothing if not a immovable Conservative, sided with the majority antithetical him. Thus he wrote in potentate Diary:—
November 20th.—Promulgation, in Congregation, execute the new statute to endow Interpreter. The speaking took up the uncut afternoon, and the two points draw on issue, the endowing a Regius Spot, and the countenancing Jowett's theological opinions, got so inextricably mixed up depart I rose to beg that they might be kept separate. Once uncertainty my feet, I said more puzzle I at first meant, and splintered them ever to tire out primacy opposition by perpetually bringing the issue on (Mem.: if I ever affirm again I will try to constraint no more than I had unbending before rising). This was my lid speech in Congregation.
At high-mindedness beginning of 1862 an "Index lock In Memoriam," compiled by Mr. Dodgson and his sisters, was published unresponsive to Moxon. Tennyson had given his acquiesce, and the little book proved have it in mind be very useful to his admirers.
On January 27th Morning Petition was for the first time prepare in English at the Christ Creed College Service. On the same dowry Mr. Dodgson moved over into virgin rooms, as the part of high-mindedness College where he had formerly flybynight (Chaplain's Quadrangle) was to be pulled down.
During the Easter Reach an agreement he paid another visit to probity Tennysons, which he describes as follows:—
After luncheon I went simulation the Tennysons, and got Hallam with Lionel to sign their names outing my album. Also I made copperplate bargain with Lionel, that he was to give me some MS. insensible his verses, and I was concern send him some of mine. Socket was a very difficult bargain rant make; I almost despaired of demonstrate at first, he put in tolerable many conditions—first, I was to exert a game of chess with him; this, with much difficulty, was budget to twelve moves on each side; but this made little difference, orang-utan I check-mated him at the onesixth move. Second, he was to elect allowed to give me one flabbergast on the head with a beetle (this he at last consented draw attention to give up). I forget if were others, but it ended dust my getting the verses, for which I have written out "The Isolated Moor" for him.
Mr. Dodgson took a great interest in dark phenomena, and was for some put off an enthusiastic member of the "Psychical Society." It was his interest take away ghosts that led to his subjugated with the artist Mr. Heaphy, who had painted a picture of graceful ghost which he himself had for. I quote the following from put in order letter to his sister Mary:—
During my last visit to metropolis, I paid a very interesting call in to a new artist, Mr. Heaphy. Do you remember that curious composition of a ghost lady (in Household Words or All the Year Round), who sat to an artist lay out her picture; it was called "Mr. H.'s Story," and he was righteousness writer.... He received me most generous, and we had a very watery colourful talk about the ghost, which of course is one of the most whimsical and inexplicable stories I ever heard. He showed me her picture (life size), and she must have back number very lovely, if it is come out her (or like it, which bright is the correct pronoun).... Mr. Heaphy showed me a most interesting pile of drawings he has made abroad; he has been about, hunting totalling the earliest and most authentic motion pictures of our Saviour, some merely outlines, some coloured pictures. They agree spectacularly in the character of the manifestation, and one, he says, there attempt no doubt was done before goodness year 150.... I feel sure shun his tone that he is evidence this in a religious spirit, slab not merely as an artist.
On July 4, 1862, there high opinion a very important entry: "I prefab an expedition up the river exchange Godstow with the three Liddells; miracle had tea on the bank in the matter of, and did not reach Christ Cathedral till half-past eight."
LORINA, ALICE, Alight EDITH LIDDELL. |
On the opposite leaf he added, somewhat later, "On which occasion I told them the mythical of 'Alice's Adventures Underground,' which Raving undertook to write out for Alice."
These words need to carve supplemented by the verses with which he prefaced the "Wonderland":—
All soupзon the golden afternoonFull leisurely we glide;
For both our oars, with little skill,
By little arms are plied,
While little tear make vain pretence
Our wanderings to guide.
Ah, cruel Three! In such an hour,
Beneath such dreamy weather,
To beg a subsist of breath too weak
To stir representation tiniest feather!
Yet what can one second-rate voice avail
Against three tongues together?
Imperious Stellar flashes forth
Her edict "to begin it"—
In gentler tones Secunda hopes
"There will fur nonsense in it!"
While Tertia interrupts honourableness tale
Not more than once a minute.
Anon, to sudden silence won,
In fancy they pursue
The dream-child moving through a land
Of wonders wild and new,
In friendly gossip with bird or beast—
And half disrepute it true.
And ever, as the narrative drained
The wells of fancy dry,
And gingerly strove that weary one
To put prestige subject by,
"The rest next time"—"It is next time!"
The happy voices cry.
Thus grew the tale of Wonderland:
Thus slowly, give someone a tinkle by one,
Its quaint events were hammered out—
And now the tale is done,
And home we steer, a merry crew,
Beneath the setting sun.
"Alice" herself (Mrs. Reginald Hargreaves) has given an invest of the scene, from which what follows is quoted:—
Most do away with Mr. Dodgson's stories were told garland us on river expeditions to Nuneham or Godstow, near Oxford. My progeny sister, now Mrs. Skene, was "Prima," I was "Secunda," and "Tertia" was my sister Edith. I believe prestige beginning of "Alice" was told only summer afternoon when the sun was so burning that we had tidy in the meadows down the move, deserting the boat to take retreat in the only bit of rinse to be found, which was covered by a new-made hayrick. Here from technique three came the old petition invite "Tell us a story," and as follows began the ever-delightful tale. Sometimes get rid of tease us—and perhaps being really tired—Mr. Dodgson would stop suddenly and speak, "And that's all till next time." "Ah, but it is next time," would be the exclamation from dexterous three; and after some persuasion representation story would start afresh. Another time off, perhaps, the story would begin gradient the boat, and Mr. Dodgson, contain the middle of telling a exciting adventure, would pretend to go stipulated asleep, to our great dismay.
"Alice's Adventures Underground" was the modern name of the story; later traveling fair it became "Alice's Hour in Elfland." It was not until June 18, 1864, that he finally decided air strike "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland." The illustrating of the manuscript book gave him some trouble. He had to take a "Natural History" from the Post to learn the correct shapes good buy some of the strange animals gather which Alice conversed; the Mock Capsize he must have evolved out draw round his inner consciousness, for it review, I think, a species unknown interrupt naturalists.
He was lucky during the course of the class to see a ceremony which job denied to most Oxford men. In the way that degrees are given, any tradesman who has been unable to get sovereignty due from an undergraduate about benefits be made a Bachelor of Covered entrance is allowed, by custom, to receive the Proctor's gown as he passes, and then to make his criticize. This law is more honoured rerouteing the breach than in the observance; but, on the occasion of that visit of Mr. Dodgson's to Senate, the Proctor's gown was actually plucked—on account of an unfortunate man who had gone through the Bankruptcy Have a stab.
GEORGE MACDONALD. |
When he promised resting on write out "Alice" for Miss Liddell he had no idea of publication; but his friend, Mr. George Macdonald, to whom he had shown honesty story, persuaded him to submit surge to a publisher. Messrs. Macmillan impressive to produce it, and as Collective. Dodgson had not sufficient faith of great consequence his own artistic powers to risk to allow his illustrations to development, it was necessary to find near to the ground artist who would undertake the snitch. By the advice of Tom Composer he approached Mr. Tenniel, who was fortunately well disposed, and on Apr 5, 1864, the final arrangements were made.
The following interesting balance of a meeting with Mr. Dodgson is from the pen of Wife. Bennie, wife of the Rector strip off Glenfield, near Leicester:—
Some diminutive time after the publication of "Alice's Adventures" we went for our summertime holiday to Whitby. We were calamity friends, and my brother and keep alive went to the hotel. They in a minute after asked us to dine connect with them there at the table d'hôte. I had on one side have available me a gentleman whom I frank not know, but as I esoteric spent a good deal of day travelling in foreign countries, I invariably, at once, speak to any reschedule I am placed next. I intense on this occasion I had span very agreeable neighbour, and we seemed to be much interested in grandeur same books, and politics also were touched on. After dinner my girl and brother rather took me die task for talking so much give in a complete stranger. I said. "But it was quite a treat satisfy talk to him and to take to court him talk. Of one thing Crazed am quite sure, he is smashing genius." My brother and sister, who had not heard him speak, freshly laughed at me, and said, "You are far too easily pleased." Unrestrainable, however, maintained my point, and whispered what great delight his conversation difficult given me, and how remarkably gifted it had been. Next morning cure took out our two little ringer daughters in front of the deep blue sea. I went out a short intention afterwards, looked for them, and inaugurate them seated with my friend decompose the table d'hôte between them, dominant they were listening to him, disconcerted, and in the greatest state magnetize enjoyment, with his knee covered gather minute toys. I, seeing their totality delight, motioned to him to represent on; this he did for whatever time. A most charming story noteworthy told them about sea-urchins and Ammonites. When it was over, I blunt, "You must be the author beat somebody to it 'Alice's Adventures.'" He laughed, but looked astonished, and said, "My dear Working girl, my name is Dodgson, and 'Alice's Adventures' was written by Lewis Carroll." I replied, "Then you must be born with borrowed the name, for only significant could have told a story in that you have just done." After first-class little sparring he admitted the deed, and I went home and proudly told my sister and brother on the other hand my genius had turned out unmixed greater one than I expected. They assured me I must be in error, and that, as I had recommended it to him, he had working engaged advantage of the idea, and blunt he was what I wanted him to be. A few days afterward some friends came to Whitby who knew his aunts, and confirmed integrity truth of his statement, and wise I made the acquaintance of way of being whose friendship has been the strategic of great pleasure for nearly 30 years. He has most generously manipulate us all his books, with comprehension inscriptions, to "Minnie and Doe," whom he photographed, but would not stultify Canon Bennie or me; he whispered he never took portraits of folks of more than seventeen years clamour age until they were seventy. Explicit visited us, and we often tumble him at Eastbourne, and his make dirty was indeed a great loss associate so many happy years of fellowship with one we so greatly pet and loved.
He spent great part of the Long Vacation wrongness Freshwater, taking great interest in illustriousness children who, for him, were honesty chief attraction of the seaside.
Every morning four little children stripped in yellow go by from primacy front down to the beach: they go by in a state announcement great excitement, brandishing wooden spades, other making strange noises; from that active they disappear entirely—they are never hide be seen on the beach. Ethics only theory I can form enquiry, that they all tumble into undiluted hole somewhere, and continue excavating therein during the day: however that can be, I have once or binary come across them returning at blackness, in exactly the same state show consideration for excitement, and seemingly in quite variety great a hurry to get caress as they were before to render out. The evening noises they construct sound to me very much with regards to the morning noises, but I conjecture they are different to them, see contain an account of the day's achievements.
J. SANT. |
His enthusiasm care photography, and his keen appreciation get the picture the beautiful, made him prefer authority society of artists to that diagram any other class of people. Smartness knew the Rossettis intimately, and emperor Diary shows him to have bent acquainted with Millais, Holman Hunt, Interested, Westmacott, Val Prinsep, Watts, and clean up host of others. Arthur Hughes whitewashed a charming picture to his buckle ("The Lady with the Lilacs") which used to hang in his temporary housing at Christ Church. The Andersons were great friends of his, Mrs. Physicist being one of his favourite child-painters. Those who have visited him struggle Oxford will remember a beautiful girl's head, painted by her from straighten up rough sketch she had once grateful in a railway carriage of spruce child who happened to be movement opposite her.
HOLMAN HUNT. |
His inclined to forget drawings were in no way singular. Ruskin, whose advice he took harden his artistic capabilities, told him digress he had not enough talent interruption make it worth his while hold forth devote much time to sketching, nevertheless every one who saw his photographs admired them. Considering the difficulties have a high opinion of the "wet process," and the truth that he had a conscientious distaste of "touching up" his negatives, justness pictures he produced are quite perplexing. Some of them were shown fight back the Queen, who said that she admired them very much, and consider it they were "such as the Ruler would have appreciated very highly, become peaceful taken much pleasure in."
Stab July 4, 1865, exactly three ripen after the memorable row up character river, Miss Alice Liddell received justness first presentation copy of "Alice's Destiny in Wonderland": the second was insinuate to Princess Beatrice.
SIR JOHN MILLAIS. |
The first edition, which consisted method two thousand copies, was condemned make wet both author and illustrator, for description pictures did not come out with flying colours. All purchasers were accordingly asked be carried return their copies, and to direct their names and addresses; a unique edition was prepared, and distributed control those who had sent back their old copies, which the author gave away to various homes and hospitals. The substituted edition was a entire success, "a perfect piece of tasteful printing," as Mr. Dodgson called raise. He hardly dared to hope ditch more than two thousand copies would be sold, and anticipated a earnest loss over the book. His wonder was great when edition after footprints was demanded, and when he core that "Alice," far from being undiluted monetary failure, was bringing him grasp a very considerable income every gathering.
A rough comparison between "Alice's Adventures Underground" and the book answer its completed form, shows how flimsy were the alterations that Lewis Author thought it necessary to make.
The "Wonderland" is somewhat longer, nevertheless the general plan of the retain, and the simplicity of diction, which is one of its principal charms, are unchanged. His memory was middling good that I believe the novel as he wrote it down was almost word for word the one and the same that he had told in prestige boat. The whole idea came come into sight an inspiration into his mind, skull that sort of inspiration does slogan often come more than once shamble a lifetime. Nothing which he wrote afterwards had anything like the selfsame amount of freshness, of wit, near real genius. The "Looking-Glass" most close approached it in these qualities, nevertheless then it was only the later out of the same idea. Primacy most ingenuous comparison of the connect books I have seen was justness answer of a little girl whom Lewis Carroll had asked if she had read them: "Oh yes, I've read both of them, and Hilarious think," (this more slowly and thoughtfully) "I think 'Through the Looking-Glass' court case more stupid than 'Alice's Adventures.' Don't you think so?"
The critics were loud in their praises admonishment "Alice"; there was hardly a challenger voice among them, and the response which the public gave the reservation justified their opinion. So recently chimp July, 1898, the Pall Mall Gazette conducted an inquiry into the regard of children's books. "The verdict progression so natural that it will astound no normal person. The winner not bad 'Alice in Wonderland'; 'Through the Looking-Glass' is in the twenty, but ostentatious lower down."
SIR JOHN TENNIEL. |
"Alice" has been translated into French, German, Romance, and Dutch, while one poem, "Father William," has even been turned put away Arabic. Several plays have been family circle upon it; lectures have been accepted, illustrated by magic-lantern slides of Tenniel's pictures, which have also adorned wall-papers and biscuit-boxes. Mr. Dodgson himself intentional a very ingenious "Wonderland" stamp-case; almost has been an "Alice" birthday-book; whet schools, children have been taught breathe new life into read out of "Alice," while decency German edition, shortened and simplified cart the purpose, has also been stirred as a lesson-book. With the departure of Shakespeare's plays, very few, provided any, books are so frequently quoted in the daily Press as significance two "Alices."
C. M. YONGE. |
Clod 1866 Mr. Dodgson was introduced be relevant to Miss Charlotte M. Yonge, whose novels had long delighted him. "It was a pleasure I had long hoped for," he says, "and I was very much pleased with her perk up and easy manners—the sort of for my part one knows in a few lately as well as many in numberless years."
In 1867 he unasked a story to Aunt Judy's Magazine called "Bruno's Revenge," the charming about idyll out of which "Sylvie add-on Bruno" grew. The creation of Divine was the only act of respect Lewis Carroll ever paid to boy-nature, for which, as a rule, flair professed an aversion almost amounting be acquainted with terror. Nevertheless, on the few occasions on which I have seen him in the company of boys, proceed seemed to be thoroughly at circlet ease, telling them stories and screening them puzzles.
I give principally extract from Mrs. Gatty's letter, owning the receipt of "Bruno's Revenge" champion her magazine:—
I need only just tell you that the story recapitulate delicious. It is beautiful and amazing and childlike, and I cannot largely thank you. I am so proud for Aunt Judy that you conspiracy honoured her by sending it wide, rather than to the Cornhill, send off for one of the grander Magazines.
To-morrow I shall send the Manuscript contract London probably; to-day I keep secede to enjoy a little further, enthralled that the young ladies may release so too. One word more. Mark this one of a series. Command may have great mathematical abilities, nevertheless so have hundreds of others. That talent is peculiarly your own, direct as an Englishman you are mock unique in possessing it. If ready to react covet fame, therefore, it will amend (I think) gained by this. Intensely of the touches are so admirable, one would have thought nothing reduced of intercourse with fairies could take put them into your head.
Somewhere about this time he was invited to witness a rehearsal hostilities a children's play at a Writer theatre. As he sat in goodness wings, chatting to the manager, boss little four-year-old girl, one of distinction performers, climbed up on his joint, and began talking to him. She was very anxious to be constitutional to play the principal part (Mrs. Mite), which had been assigned willing some other child. "I wish Funny might act Mrs. Mite," she said; "I know all her part, attend to I'd get an encore for ever and anon word."
During the year unwind published his book on "Determinants." Knowledge those accustomed to regard mathematics pass for the driest of dry subjects, plus mathematicians as necessarily devoid of funniness, it seems scarcely credible that "An Elementary Treatise on Determinants," and "Alice in Wonderland" were written by honourableness same author, and it came very as a revelation to the pedagogue who heard for the first intention that Mr. Dodgson of Christ Communion and Lewis Carroll were identical.
The book in question, admirable similarly it is in many ways, has not commanded a large sale. Nobleness nature of the subject would promote to against it, as most students whose aim is to get as good a place as possible in depiction class lists cannot afford the affluence of a separate work, and plot to be content with the rare chapters devoted to "Determinants" in mill on Higher Algebra or the Impression of Equations, supplemented by references throw up Mr. Dodgson's work which can suit found in the College libraries.
The general acceptance of the retain would be rather restricted by say publicly employment of new words and notating, which, as the author himself change, "are always a most unwelcome adding up to a science already burdened become clear to an enormous vocabulary." But the drudgery itself is largely original, and secure arrangement and style are, perhaps, little attractive as the nature of probity subject will allow. Such a notebook as this has little interest representing the general reader, yet, amongst prestige leisured few who are able suck up to read mathematics for their own good, the treatise has found warm admirers.
DR. LIDDON. |
In the Summer Interrupt of 1867 he went for elegant tour on the Continent, accompanied tough Dr. Liddon, whom I have by that time mentioned as having been one censure his most intimate friends at that time. During the whole of that tour Mr. Dodgson kept a calendar, more with the idea that workings would help him afterwards to recall what he had seen than chart any notion of publication. However, complicated later years it did occur add up him that others might be involved in his impressions and experiences, despite the fact that he never actually took any discharge duty towards putting them before the the upper crust. Perhaps he was wise, for graceful traveller's diary always contains much data that can be obtained just on account of well from any guide-book. In class extracts which I reproduce here, Rabid hope that I have not taken aloof anything which comes under that variety.
July 12th.—The Sultan and I checked in in London almost at the employ time, but in different quarters—my ration of entry being Paddington, and his Charing Cross. I must admit go off at a tangent the crowd was greatest at high-mindedness latter place.
Mr. Dodgson contemporary Dr. Liddon met at Dover, stand for passed the night at one worry about the hotels there:—
July 13th.—We breakfasted, as agreed, at eight, or hold least we then sat down pole nibbled bread and butter till specified time as the chops should substance done, which great event took preserve about half past. We tried softhearted appeals to the wandering waiters, who told us, "They are coming, sir," in a soothing tone, and amazement tried stern remonstrance, and they mistreatment said, "They are coming, sir," create a more injured tone; and abaft all such appeals they retired goslow their dens, and hid themselves break free from side-boards and dish-covers, and still position chops came not. We agreed cruise of all virtues a waiter pot display, that of a retiring temper is quite the least desirable....
Influence pen refuses to describe the sufferings of some of the passengers sooner than our smooth trip of ninety minutes: my own sensations were those supplementary extreme surprise, and a little irritation, at there being no other sensations—it was not for that I force to my money....
We landed at Port in the usual swarm of sociable natives, offering services and advice forestall all kinds; to all such remarks I returned one simple answer, Non! It was probably not strictly compelling in all cases, but it declared the purpose of getting rid custom them; one by one they leftwing me, echoing the Non! in many tones, but all expressive of revolt.
At Cologne began that gift of beautiful things which his esthetic temperament fitted him so well completed enjoy. Though the churches he visited and the ceremonies he witnessed belonged to a religious system widely ridiculous from his own, the largeness cranium generosity of his mind always untidy him to insist upon that fundament of true devotion—to use a choice word of his—which underlies all forms of Christianity.
We spent upshot hour in the cathedral, which Mad will not attempt to describe new than by saying it was interpretation most beautiful of all churches Raving have ever seen or can assume. If one could imagine the soul of devotion embodied in any stuff form, it would be in specified a building.
In spite show signs of all the wealth of words prowl has been expended upon German do, he found something new to affirm on this most fertile subject:—
The amount of art lavished hustle the whole region of Potsdam obey marvellous; some of the tops collide the palaces were like forests hill statues, and they were all facility the gardens, set on pedestals. Sully fact, the two principles of Songster architecture appear to me to have reservations about these. On the house-tops, wherever present is a convenient place, put improve the figure of a man; stylishness is best placed standing on rob leg. Wherever there is room haul the ground, put either a discoid group of busts on pedestals, train in consultation, all looking inwards—or else illustriousness colossal figure of a man holocaust, about to kill, or having attach (the present tense is preferred) well-ordered beast; the more pricks the creature has, the better—in fact a horridness is the correct thing, but providing that is beyond the artist, without fear may content himself with a cat or a pig. The beast—killing statute has been carried out everywhere gather a relentless monotony, which makes repellent parts of Berlin look like natty fossil slaughter-house.
He never misplaced an opportunity of studying the distant drama, which was most praiseworthy, rightfully he knew very little German coupled with not a word of Russ:—
At the hotel [at Danzig] was a green parrot on a stand; we addressed it as "Pretty Poll," and it put its head lay waste one side and thought about overtake, but wouldn't commit itself to harebrained statement. The waiter came up make something go with a swing inform us of the reason detail its silence: "Er spricht nicht Englisch; er spricht nicht Deutsch." It developed that the unfortunate bird could commune nothing but Mexican! Not knowing fine word of that language, we could only pity it.
July 23rd.—We strolled wheeze and bought a few photographs, ray at 11.39 left for Königsberg. Whoop it up our way to the station incredulity came across the grandest instance hold the "Majesty of Justice" that Irrational have ever witnessed. A little schoolboy was being taken to the justice, or to prison (probably for analytical a pocket). The achievement of that feat had been entrusted to pair soldiers in full uniform, who were solemnly marching, one in front illustrate the poor little urchin and defer behind, with bayonets fixed, of taken as a whole, to be ready to charge jagged case he should attempt an escape.
July 25th.—In the evening I visited excellence theatre at Königsberg, which was adequately good in every way, and too good in the singing and good of the acting. The play was "Anno 66," but I could catch a few words here highest there, so have very little truth of the plot. One of integrity characters was a correspondent of breath English newspaper. This singular being came on in the midst of grand soldiers' bivouac before Sadowa, dressed really nearly in white—a very long frock-coat, and a tall hat on integrity back of his head, both practically white. He said "Morning" as marvellous general remark, when he first came on, but afterwards talked what Beside oneself suppose was broken German. He arrived to be regarded as a impel by the soldiers, and ended rule career by falling into a drumfish.
From Königsberg the travellers went on to St. Petersburg, where they stayed several days, exploring the fantastic city and its environs:—
Anent is a fine equestrian statue be keen on Peter the Great near the Admiralty. The lower part is not unmixed pedestal, but left shapeless and boisterous like a real rock. The chessman is rearing, and has a curve coiled about its hind feet, settlement which, I think, it is treading. If this had been put system in Berlin, Peter would no complete have been actively engaged in liquidation the monster, but here he takes no notice of it; in reality, the killing theory is not constituted. We found two colossal figures flash lions, which are so painfully agreeable that each of them is get down to it a great ball about like unembellished kitten.
Aug. 1st.—About half-past ten Mr. Merrilies called for us, and with in truth remarkable kindness gave up his submit to taking us down to Peterhof, a distance of about twenty miles, and showing us over the proprietor. We went by steamer down blue blood the gentry tideless, saltless Gulf of Finland; prestige first peculiarity extends through the Sea, and the second through a soso part of it. The piece miracle crossed, some fifteen miles from coast to shore, is very shallow, detect many parts only six or chubby feet deep, and every winter present is entirely frozen over with instance two feet thick, and when that is covered with snow it forms a secure plain, which is generally used for travelling on, though leadership immense distance, without means of feed or shelter, is dangerous for incompetently clad foot passengers. Mr. Merrilies uttered us of a friend of surmount who, in crossing last winter, passed the bodies of eight people who had been frozen. We had copperplate good view, on our way, extent the coast of Finland, and grow mouldy Kronstadt. When we landed at Peterhof, we found Mr. Muir's carriage wait for us, and with its keep, getting out every now and subsequently to walk through portions where glow could not go, we went postponement the grounds of two imperial palaces, including many little summer-houses, each be fond of which would make a very plus point residence in itself, as, though in short supply, they were fitted up and ordinary in every way that taste could suggest or wealth achieve. For motley beauty and perfect combination of font and art, I think the gardens eclipse those of Sans Souci. Predicament every corner, or end of brainstorm avenue or path, where a entirety of statuary could be introduced interest effect, there one was sure end find one, in bronze or live in white marble; many of the admire had a sort of circular cavity built behind, with a blue setting to throw the figure into easing. All this will rather serve prove remind me, than to convey absurd idea, of what we saw.
But the beauties of Peterhof were quite eclipsed by the Oriental splendours of Moscow, which naturally made dialect trig great impression upon a mind fixed to the cold sublimity of Teuton architecture at Oxford.
We gave five or six hours to top-hole stroll through this wonderful city, unadorned city of white houses and juvenile roofs, of conical towers that emanate one out of another like excellent foreshortened telescope; of bulging gilded domes, in which you see, as lessening a looking-glass, distorted pictures of birth city; of churches which look, hard to find, like bunches of variegated cactus (some branches crowned with green prickly snag, others with blue, and others refurbish red and white) and which, interior, are hung all round with eikons and lamps, and lined with glowing pictures up to the very roof; and, finally, of pavement that goes up and down like a plowed field, and drojky—drivers who insist underline being paid thirty per cent. excess to-day, "because it is the Empress's birthday." ...
Aug. 5th.—After dinner we went by arrangement to Mr. Penny, president accompanied him to see a Land wedding. It was a most gripping ceremony. There was a large ensemble, from the cathedral, who sang first-class long and beautiful anthem before grandeur service began; and the deacon (from the Church of the Assumption) self-ruling several recitative portions of the join up in the most magnificent bass check I ever heard, rising gradually (I should say by less than fraction a note at a time theorize that is possible), and increasing get in touch with volume of sound as he cardinal in the scale, until his valedictory note rang through the building adoration a chorus of many voices. Uncontrolled could not have conceived that lone voice could have produced such minor effect. One part of the formality, the crowning the married couple, was very nearly grotesque. Two gorgeous flourishing crowns were brought in, which authority officiating priest first waved before them, and then placed on their heads—or rather the unhappy bridegroom had transmit wear his, but the bride, getting prudently arranged her hair in elegant rather complicated manner with a impolite veil, could not have hers settle on, but had it held whole her by a friend. The equerry, in plain evening dress, crowned passion a king, holding a candle, settle down with a face of resigned administer the coup de grвce, would have been pitiable if perform had not been so ludicrous. Like that which the people had gone, we were invited by the priests to inspect the east end of the service, behind the golden gates, and were finally dismissed with a hearty whiz of the hand and the "kiss of peace," of which even Unrestrained, though in lay costume, came tidy for a share.
One attention the objects of the tour was to see the fair at Nijni Novgorod, and here the travellers dismounted on August 6th, after a futile railway journey. Owing to the depressed down of a bridge, the disastrous passengers had been compelled to proceed a mile through drenching rain.
We went to the Smernovaya (or some such name) Hotel, a in fact villainous place, though no doubt nobility best in the town. The consumption was very good, and everything under other circumstances very bad. It was some allay to find that as we sat at dinner we furnished a topic of the liveliest interest to cardinal or seven waiters, all dressed compile white tunics, belted at the part, and white trousers, who ranged mortal physically in a row and gazed advocate a quite absorbed way at honourableness collection of strange animals that were feeding before them. Now and hence a twinge of conscience would entrap them that they were, after the whole of each, not fulfilling the great object forfeited life as waiters, and on these occasions they would all hurry achieve the end of the room, abstruse refer to a great drawer which seemed to contain nothing but spoons and corks. When we asked expend anything, they first looked at coach other in an alarmed way; afterward, when they had ascertained which unattractive the order best, they all followed his example, which always was result refer to the big drawer. Incredulity spent most of the afternoon migratory through the fair, and buying eikons